ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06834191 (Analysis of the Relationship Between Immunosuppressive Treatment Status and Clinical Course of Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 798 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Immunosuppressive Treatment Status and Clinical Course of Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
798 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with GRADE assessment.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Enteric Nervous System Damage by Food Contaminants: A Pathway to Neurodegeneration?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and biomarker evidence.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of NLRP3 Pathway, Immune Dysregulation, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of CSF1R inhibitor-mediated microglial depletion in rodent models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Research trends on neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: an exploratory analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- A personalized plant-rich, time-restricted nutritional intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Trial
- Lipid metabolism dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: A Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- The microbiota-proteostasis axis: implications in neurodegenerative diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and noradrenergic modulation with β2-adrenoceptors: Emerging therapeutic targets for Parkinson's diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood DNA methylation partially reports on immune cell type composition in the frontal brain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Peripheral non-invasive focused ultrasound alleviates constipation by reducing gastrointestinal inflammation.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Baseline peripheral inflammatory profiles predict phenoconversion in prodromal Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal cohort study.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal links between specific immune cell phenotypes and Parkinson's disease.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Repurposing Anticancer Drugs in Parkinson's Treatment: Molecular Pathways Driving Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Advancement.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological modulation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 signaling by nano-immunomodulators in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- NabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Quality Control Imbalance in the Heterogeneity of Parkinson's Disease: From Selective Vulnerability to Stratified Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Activation of transposable elements is linked to a region- and cell type-specific interferon response in Parkinson's disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Beyond phenotypic markers: rethinking dopaminergic identity in iPSC-derived neurons.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
738 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of neuroinflammation in its pathophysiology. Neurohistological and neuroimaging studies support the presence of ongoing and end-stage neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Moreover, numerous studies of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with PD suggest alterations in markers of inflammation and immune cell populations that could initiate or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. A number of disease genes and risk factors have been identified as modulators of immune function in PD and evidence is mounting for a role of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides and alterations in gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that complex gene-by-environment interactions combine with an ageing immune system to create the 'perfect storm' that enables the development and progression of PD. We discuss the evidence for this hypothesis and opportunities to harness the emerging immunological knowledge from patients with PD to create better preclinical models with the long-term goal of enabling earlier identification of at-risk individuals to prevent, delay and more effectively treat the disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.