SynthesisDiabetes research and clinical practice2022
Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Outcomes in Diabetes: Antihyperglycemic Therapy, EWDR, and Perioperative Considerations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The association between duration of metformin and sulfonylurea treatment and microvascular complications in patients with incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Metabolomic biomarkers in vitreous humor: unveiling the molecular landscape of diabetic retinopathy progression.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsExamine the efficacy of metformin compared to placebo or other glucose-lowering medications on microvascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from database inception to March 2020. We included randomized clinical trials of patients with T2DM receiving metformin compared with another active glucose-lowering treatment or placebo in which a microvascular outcome was assessed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Microvascular complications included kidney-related outcomes, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. An inverse-weighted variance random-effect meta-analysis was performed to estimate drugs effect over microvascular disease. PROSPERO (CRD42019120365).
resultsNineteen RCTs (n = 18,181) were included. Metformin increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by a mean difference (MD) of 1.08 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.33 ml/min/1.73 m
conclusionsThere is no evidence of clinically significant beneficial effect of metformin therapy as compared to other glucose-lowering medications or placebo on the examined microvascular complications.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.