ArticleNutrients2022
Betel Nut Chewing Increases the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study Category: Original Investigation.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Uncovering Nonlinear Predictors of Serum Biomarker Uric Acid Using Interpretable Machine Learning in Healthy Men.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Clustering of Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults in Taiwan: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Association Between Betel Nut Chewing and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guam.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Early risk detection of metabolic syndrome using sex-specific machine learning models in military personnel.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in a large Taiwanese population study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome and spatial disparities: The role of socioeconomic deprivation and medical resource availability in the Cijin district, Taiwan.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Vegetarian Diet Reduced Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Taiwan.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Substance use and incidence of metabolic syndrome before midlife among military adults: the CHIEF cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The impact of secondhand smoke on the development of kidney stone disease is not inferior to that of smoking: a longitudinal cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Other Factors with the Presence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- ALT/AST ratio as an early marker of metabolic multimorbidity in young adults: A community-based study.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
- Stress, inflammation, and resilience among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma undergoing multimodal therapy: Current knowledge and future directions.Tzu chi medical journalReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Betel nut chewing is a popular habit in Taiwan, and it is associated with adverse metabolic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between betel nut chewing with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a longitudinal study using data from the Taiwan Biobank. A total of 121,423 participants were included in the baseline study, and 27,002 received follow-up examinations after a median of 4 years. The association between betel nut chewing and MetS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression after controlling for confounders. The baseline prevalence of MetS was 22.5%. Multivariable analysis showed that a history of chewing betel nut was significantly associated with baseline MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.629; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.535 to 1.730, p < 0.001) and five components of MetS in all participants. A long history of chewing betel nut (per 1 year; OR = 1.008; 95% CI = 1.004 to 1.013, p < 0.001) was associated with baseline MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In addition, high cumulative dose (per 1 year × frequency × daily score; OR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.001−1.002; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with baseline MetS. At the end of the follow-up, a history of chewing betel nut (OR = 1.352; 95% CI = 1.134 to 1.612, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with MetS and its components including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol in the participants without baseline MetS. In addition, a longer history of betel nut chewing was associated with MetS (per 1 year; OR = 1.021; 95% CI = 1.008 to 1.035, p = 0.002), abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia at follow-up. However, cumulative dose (p = 0.882) was not significantly associated with follow-up MetS. Chewing betel nut and a long history of betel nut chewing were associated with baseline MetS and its components. In the participants without MetS at baseline, chewing betel nut and a long history of chewing betel nut were associated with the development of MetS after 4 years of follow-up. However, a cumulative dose of betel nut chewing was not associated with follow-up MetS. Betel nut chewing cessation programs are important to reduce the incidence of MetS in Taiwan.
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