ArticleBMC neurology2022
Urinary metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: potential biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder.
Article in BMC neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Knowledge About Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case for Soft Transdiagnostic Approaches to Better Represent the Clinical and Scientific Reality of ASD.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Immunometabolic Stratification of Autism Spectrum Disorder by CD4Metabolites · 2026Article
- Spectrofluorimetric determination of serum homovanillic acid using horseradish peroxidase and its association with autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Metabolomics in Chemical Pathology Research in Pakistan: A Less Explored Path and New Frontier.EJIFCC · 2025Review
- Article
- The gut commensalFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in patients with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the metabolomic architecture of autism in a large Danish population-based cohort.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Using urine FTIR spectra to screen autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Metabolomics: Perspectives on Clinical Employment in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Colorimetric Signal Readout for the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Printable Glass-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Type Helium Plasma Detector.ACS measurement science au · 2023Article
- Association of gut microbiota, plasma and fecal metabolite profiles with intellectual development in school-age children.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Inhibition of the Beta-oxidation Pathway of Fatty Acids and Dopamine- Beta-hydroxylase by Phenyl Derivatives of Short- Chain Fatty Acids from Gastrointestinal Clostridia Bacteria is a (the) Major Cause of Autism.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Developmental pyrethroid exposure causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype in mice.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- The Difference of Gut Microbiota and Their Correlations With Urinary Organic Acids Between Autistic Children With and Without Atopic Dermatitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally made phenotypically and the hunt for ASD-biomarkers continues. The purpose of this study was to compare urine organic acids profiles of ASD versus typically developing (TD) children to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and exploration of ASD etiology.
methodsThis case control study was performed in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Midstream urine was collected in the first half of the day time before noon from the children with ASD diagnosed by a pediatric neurologist based on DSM-5 criteria and TD healthy controls from August 2019 to June 2021. The urine organic acids were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. To identify potential biomarkers for ASD canonical linear discriminant analysis was carried out for the organic acids, quantified in comparison to an internal standard.
resultsA total of 85 subjects were enrolled in the current study. The mean age of the ASD (n = 65) and TD groups (n = 20) was 4.5 ± 2.3 and 6.4 ± 2.2 years respectively with 72.3% males in the ASD group and 50% males in the TD group. Parental consanguinity was 47.7 and 30% in ASD and TD groups, respectively. The common clinical signs noted in children with ASD were developmental delay (70.8%), delayed language skills (66.2%), and inability to articulate sentences (56.9%). Discriminant analysis showed that 3-hydroxyisovalericc, homovanillic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, and indole acetic were significantly different between ASD and TD groups. The biochemical classification results reveal that 88.2% of cases were classified correctly into ASD& TD groups based on the urine organic acid profiles.
conclusion3-hydroxy isovaleric acid, homovanillic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, and indole acetic were good discriminators between the two groups. The discovered potential biomarkers could be valuable for future research in children with ASD.
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