ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis: A systematic review and detailed analysis of the pathogenesis.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Immune Complex-Mediated Neutrophil Activation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Association of Plasma Biomarkers of Immunothrombosis With Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- FGL2-HDAC11 Drives Immunothrombosis via NETs-Mediated Endothelial Capillarization in MASLD Fibrosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Neuroinflammation: A Therapeutic Perspective on Neurodegenerative Diseases.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Engineered Neutrophils in Translational Medicine: Gene Editing, Nanotechnology, and AI-Driven Clinical Breakthroughs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Cell-free nucleic acids as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Specific features of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants in Vero cell culture.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Predicting Mortality in Pulmonary Embolism: A Machine Learning Approach with External Validation in COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression drives post-acute coagulopathy.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- NET Biomarkers in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: a Comprehensive Analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT)-like Syndrome: A Case Report and Some Considerations on a Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fc effector functions in RNA viral infections: mechanisms of antiviral immunity and implications for vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Interactions: A Literature Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- COVID-19 Infection, Drugs, and Liver Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Engineered Dual-Function Antibody-Like Proteins to Combat SARS-CoV-2-Induced Immune Dysregulation and Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Extracellular DNA, hyaluronic acid, HIF pathways, and LncRNAs as predictive biomarkers of severe COVID-19.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Neutrophils and NETs in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causes respiratory problems and multifaceted organ dysfunction. A crucial mechanism of COVID-19 immunopathy is the recruitment and activation of neutrophils at the infection site, which also predicts disease severity and poor outcomes. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), occurring during a regulated form of neutrophil cell death known as NETosis, is a key effector function that mediates harmful effects caused by neutrophils. Abundant NETosis and NET generation have been observed in the neutrophils of many COVID-19 patients, leading to unfavorable coagulopathy and immunothrombosis. Moreover, excessive NETosis and NET generation are now more widely recognized as mediators of additional pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this minireview, we introduce subtypes of NET-producing neutrophils (e.g., low-density granulocytes) and explain the biological importance of NETs and the protein cargos of NETs in COVID-19. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes NETosis by upregulating viral processes (e.g., viral entry and replication) as well as host pro-NET mechanisms (e.g., proinflammatory mediator release, platelet activation, and autoantibody production). Furthermore, we provide an update of the main findings of NETosis and NETs in immunothrombosis and other COVID-19-related disorders, such as aberrant immunity, neurological disorders, and post COVID-19 syndromes including lung fibrosis, neurological disorder, tumor progression, and deteriorated chronic illness. Finally, we address potential prospective COVID-19 treatment strategies that target dysregulated NETosis and NET formation
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.