ArticleNature communications2022
Progression of type 1 diabetes from latency to symptomatic disease is predicted by distinct autoimmune trajectories.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a Novel Machine Learning Method for Estimation of Life-Long Chronic Disease Progression and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Natural history of a pediatric cohort with islet autoantibody positivity: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Evolution of islet autoantibodies in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) prospective cohort.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Risk estimation and dynamic prediction using discrete-time joint models for longitudinal and multistate data with interval and state censoring.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Small things matter: Lack of extraislet β cells in type 1 diabetes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Preclinical Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes: Reality or Utopia.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Contrasting Adult and Pediatric Populations in a Cohort of At-Risk Relatives in The T1D TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Historically Based Perspective on the Immunotherapy of Type 1 Diabetes: Where We Have Been, Where We Are, and Where We May Go.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Type 1 Diabetes: A Guide to Autoimmune Mechanisms for Clinicians.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Investigating the impact of steroid dependence on gastrointestinal surgical outcomes from UK Biobank.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The immunology of type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Viruses as a potential environmental trigger of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Islet autoantibodies as precision diagnostic tools to characterize heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Screening and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Where Are We?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Refining the Definition of Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes: An Ontology-Driven Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Multiple Islet Autoimmunity.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Serum APOC1 levels are decreased in young autoantibody positive children who rapidly progress to type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study on the Co-existence of Diabetes and Endometriosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Potential for Endometriosis Progression.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Development of islet autoimmunity precedes the onset of type 1 diabetes in children, however, the presence of autoantibodies does not necessarily lead to manifest disease and the onset of clinical symptoms is hard to predict. Here we show, by longitudinal sampling of islet autoantibodies (IAb) to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 that disease progression follows distinct trajectories. Of the combined Type 1 Data Intelligence cohort of 24662 participants, 2172 individuals fulfill the criteria of two or more follow-up visits and IAb positivity at least once, with 652 progressing to type 1 diabetes during the 15 years course of the study. Our Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Models, that are developed to discover and visualize latent states based on the collected data and clinical characteristics of the patients, show that the health state of participants progresses from 11 distinct latent states as per three trajectories (TR1, TR2 and TR3), with associated 5-year cumulative diabetes-free survival of 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35% to 47%), 62% (95% CI, 57% to 67%), and 88% (95% CI, 85% to 91%), respectively (p < 0.0001). Age, sex, and HLA-DR status further refine the progression rates within trajectories, enabling clinically useful prediction of disease onset.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.