Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35318324›Full record

ArticleNature communications2022

Combinatorial optimization of mRNA structure, stability, and translation for RNA-based therapeutics.

Kathrin Leppek, Gun Woo Byeon, Wipapat Kladwang, Hannah K Wayment-Steele, Craig H Kerr, Adele F Xu, Do Soon Kim, Ved V Topkar, Christian Choe, Daphna Rothschild and 19 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
229citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

229 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Towards mRNA therapeutics 2.0.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Circular Photocaged mRNA for Light-induced Late-stage Activation of Translation.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Messenger RNA and guide RNA distributions in lipid nanoparticles impact gene-editing efficiency in vivo.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Kathrin Leppek *Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-8076
Gun Woo Byeon *Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Wipapat Kladwang *Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Hannah K Wayment-Steele *Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Craig H Kerr *Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Adele F XuDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-5285
Do Soon KimDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Ved V TopkarProgram in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Christian ChoeDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-9682
Daphna RothschildDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Gerald C TiuDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Roger Wellington-OguriEterna Massive Open Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-2161
Kotaro FujiiDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Eesha SharmaDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Andrew M WatkinsDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
John J NicolEterna Massive Open Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Jonathan RomanoEterna Massive Open Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-0102
Bojan TunguzDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Fernando DiazPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.
Hui CaiPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.
Pengbo GuoPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-8133
Jiewei WuPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.
Fanyu MengPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.
Shuai ShiPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.
Eterna ParticipantsEterna Massive Open Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Philip R DormitzerPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-6360
Alicia SolórzanoPfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-3463
Maria BarnaDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. mbarna@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4396
Rhiju DasDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. rhiju@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-0972

Funding

Next-generation computational/chemical methods for complex RNA structuresR35GM122579 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Rhiju Das · 2017 to 2026
$7.2M
Specialized Translational Control of Stem Cell Differentiation and Embryonic DevelopmentR01HD086634 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BARNA, MARIA · 2016 to 2025
$5.5M
Computational tools for understanding chemically modified RNA structure and interactionsR21CA219847 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DAS, RHIJU · 2017 to 2018
$334k
CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC CONTROL of GENE EXPRESSION by RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN ISOFORMSF30HD100123 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XU, ADELE FRANCIS · 2019 to 2023
$133k
NCI NIH HHS R21 CA219847NICHD NIH HHS F30 HD100123NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD086634NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM122579
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic mRNAs and vaccines are being developed for a broad range of human diseases, including COVID-19. However, their optimization is hindered by mRNA instability and inefficient protein expression. Here, we describe design principles that overcome these barriers. We develop an RNA sequencing-based platform called PERSIST-seq to systematically delineate in-cell mRNA stability, ribosome load, as well as in-solution stability of a library of diverse mRNAs. We find that, surprisingly, in-cell stability is a greater driver of protein output than high ribosome load. We further introduce a method called In-line-seq, applied to thousands of diverse RNAs, that reveals sequence and structure-based rules for mitigating hydrolytic degradation. Our findings show that highly structured "superfolder" mRNAs can be designed to improve both stability and expression with further enhancement through pseudouridine nucleoside modification. Together, our study demonstrates simultaneous improvement of mRNA stability and protein expression and provides a computational-experimental platform for the enhancement of mRNA medicines.

Indexed as

COVID-19RNAHumansPseudouridineRNA, MessengerRNA StabilityPseudouridineRNARNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID35318324
PMCPMC8940940

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.