ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2022
Protein intake and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses' Health Study.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustainable dietary recommendations for the Spanish population.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition, Inflammatory Factors, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Cachexia Induced by Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Integrative cancer therapiesTrial
- Association between midlife macronutrient intake and late-life hearing loss: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The hallmarks of protein and amino acid restriction in aging and longevity.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Association between dietary protein intake and frailty index among home-dwelling older adults; an 8-year follow-up study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Article
- High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and frailty: associations with the frailty index and Fried phenotype in older women.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Protein density, carbohydrate quality, and frailty-state transitions among adults aged 50 years or older: a continuous-time multistate analysis of the health and retirement study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between the Frailty Index and Self-Reported Headache in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: An Analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- What Do We Know About Prevention of Frailty in Women?American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Association Between Refrigerator Openings and Protein Intake After Hospitalization for Heart Failure Decompensation: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Pilot Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Association between vegetarian diet and risk of frailty in Chinese older adults: a prospective study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Dietary Factors and Cognitive Function: with a Focus on Subjective Cognitive Decline.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Impact of energy intake on the association between protein intake and the prevalence of frailty in older Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2018.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- Unhealthful plant-based diet associates with frailty risk predominantly in men with low income from the UK Biobank cohort.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- Association between dairy products intake and frailty transitions in older adults: The InCHIANTI cohort study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Transitions From Multimorbidity to Frailty and Mortality in Older Adults.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Observational
- Intake of vegetables and fruits at midlife and the risk of physical frailty in later life.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia in adults aged 50 years and older.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between diet quality and malnutrition: pooled results from two population-based studies in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is evidence that an overall healthy diet is associated with lower risk of frailty. However, the effect of diet composition, specifically the role of protein intake on frailty, is mostly unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of protein, including total, plant, animal, and dairy protein, in relation to frailty incidence in a large cohort of older women.
methodsWe analysed data from 85 871 women aged ≥60 participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Intake of protein was measured nine times during follow-up from 1980 until 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five criteria from the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and weight loss of ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 up to 2014.
resultsDuring follow-up, we identified 13 279 incident cases of frailty. Women with a higher intake of plant protein had a lower risk of developing frailty after adjustment for all relevant confounders [relative risks across quintiles of consumption: 1.00, 0.94, 0.89, 0.86, and 0.86; P-trend < 0.001]. In contrast, those with a higher intake of animal protein intake had a higher risk of frailty [relative risks across quintiles of consumption: 1.00, 0.98, 0.99, 1.00, and 1.07; P-trend 0.04]. The intake of total and dairy protein showed no significant association with frailty in the full model. Substituting 5% of energy from plant protein intake at the expense of animal protein, dairy protein, or non-dairy animal protein was associated with 38% (29%, 47%), 32% (21%, 42%), and 42% (33%, 50%) reduced risk of frailty.
conclusionsA higher intake of plant protein, but not animal or dairy protein, was associated with a lower risk of frailty. Substitution of plant protein for animal protein, especially non-dairy animal protein, was associated with lower risk of frailty.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.