Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Switching to Versus Addition of Incretin-Based Drugs Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Combining Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Plus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist for Glucose-Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of Drug Initiation Sequence on Kidney Function in Real-World Clinical Practice (CombiKid Study).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Switching patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists from 2018 to 2025 in the largest private healthcare network in Poland.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Next-Generation SGLT2 Inhibitors: Innovations and Clinical Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Differential use of antidiabetic medication related to income, cohabitation and area of residence: a Swedish nationwide cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Unveiling Diabetes: Categories, Genetics, Diagnostics, Treatments, and Future Horizons.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Evidence is limited in comparing treatment modification by substitution or add-on of glucose-lowering medications in patients with type 2 diabetes. This observational study aims to compare switching versus add-on of incretin-based drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes on background sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Methods and Results This population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using the IQVIA Medical Research Data, including adults with type 2 diabetes on background SGLT2i from 2005 to 2020. New users of incretin-based drugs were allocated into the "Switch" group if they had discontinued SGLT2i treatment, or the "Add-on" group if their background SGLT2i was continued. Baseline characteristics of patients were balanced between groups. Study outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, hypoglycemia, and ketoacidosis. Patients were observed from the index date of initiating incretin-based drugs until the earliest of an outcome event, death, or data cut-off date. Changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also compared between groups from baseline to 12-month follow-up. A total of 2888 patients were included, classified into "Switch" (n=1461) or "Add-on" group (n=1427). Median follow-up was 18 months with 5183 person-years. Overall, no significant differences in the risks of study outcomes were observed between groups; however, patients in the "Add-on" group achieved significantly greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin, weight, percentage weight loss, and systolic blood pressure than their "Switch" counterparts. Conclusions Initiating incretin-based drugs as add-on among patients with type 2 diabetes on background SGLT2i was associated with risks of clinical end points comparable to switching treatments, in addition to better glycemic and weight control observed with the combination approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.