SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on the Immune System in Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the gut-exercise link: A systematic review of gastrointestinal disorders in physical activity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- A comprehensive review of the physiology and evidence base to guide the use of ergogenic and medical supplements for enhanced cycling performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Review
- Understanding the Behavioural Determinants of Nutrition Practices in Ultra-Endurance Runners in Ireland.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrition and weight cut strategies for mixed martial arts and other combat sports.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Review
- Suboptimal Caloric and Micronutrient Intakes in Female Student Athletes Across Several Division 1 Collegiate Sports.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Beyond the Average: Trends in Extreme Sodium Intake in the U.S. Population, 2003-2018.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nutritional Intake and Timing of Marathon Runners: Influence of Athlete's Characteristics and Fueling Practices on Finishing Time.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance Responses in the Performance of Female Ultramarathon Runners in a 45 km Mountain Race.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia: Serum Sodium, Symptomatology, Severity, and Sport Specificity.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of Perceived Effort Through On-Field Hydration Monitoring: A Case Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Health Claims for Sports Drinks-Analytical Assessmentaccording to European Food Safety Authority's Scientific Opinion.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Investigating the Effects of Ultraendurance Running on Athletes' Heart Rate and Blood Pressure.Cureus · 2024Article
- Association between dietary mineral intakes and urine flow rate: data from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The Influence of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Exercise Performance after Mild COVID-19 Infection in Endurance Athletes-CESAR Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The majority of reviews on sports nutrition issues focus on macronutrients, often omitting or paying less attention to substances such as sodium. Through the literature, it is clear that there are no reviews that focus entirely on the effects of sodium and in particular on endurance sports. Sodium intake, both at high and low doses, has been found to be associated with health and performance issues in athletes. Besides, there have been theories that an electrolyte imbalance, specifically sodium, contributes to the development of muscle cramps (EAMC) and hyponatremia (EAH). For this reason, it is necessary to create this systematic review, in order to report extensively on the role of sodium consumption in the population and more specifically in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes, the relationship between the amount consumed and the occurrence of pathological disorders, the usefulness of simultaneous hydration and whether a disturbance of this substance leads to EAH and EAMC. As a method of data collection, this study focused on exploring literature from 1900-2021. The search was conducted through the research engines PubMed and Scopus. In order to reduce the health and performance effects in endurance athletes, simultaneous emphasis should be placed on both sodium and fluid intake.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.