ReviewPharmaceutics2022
Strategies to Improve Drug Strength in Nasal Preparations for Brain Delivery of Low Aqueous Solubility Drugs.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Intranasal Administration for Brain-Targeting Delivery: A Comprehensive Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles and Stimuli-Responsive Gel Formulations.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Chitosan-Based Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery for Management of Neurological Disorders: Intrinsic Neuroprotective Action and Carrier Capabilities.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of a Purine-Derived Neuroprotective Agent after Intranasal Administration in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- A novel nasal mucosal peptide-modified co-delivery system for ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, and notoginseng saponin R1 in the amelioration of AD.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Intranasal vs. Device-Assisted Drug Delivery: Advantages and Limitations for the Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals to the CNS.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Albumin Nanoparticles for Intranasal Carbamazepine Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- From Polyphenols to Prodrugs: Bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier with Nanomedicine and Neurotherapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Montelukast attenuated memory decline, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in AβPsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Multiple Roles of Cannabinoids in the Olfactory System.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Nanotherapeutics Mediated Intranasal Delivery for Therapeutic Effect on Parkinson's Disease: Balancing Advancements and Challenges.Current drug research reviews · 2026Review
- Optimized intranasal delivery of segesterone acetate progestin to the brain using nanoemulsions and microemulsions.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Drug Formulations for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Simvastatin is delivered to the brain by high-strength intranasal cationic SMEDDS and nanoemulsions.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Article
- In Vitro and in vivo characterization of nasal pH-Responsive in-situ hydrogel of Candesartan-loaded invasomes as a potential stroke treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Advancements in Nanocarrier Systems for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Enhancing the solubility of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors to increase future prospects for clinical development.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Gels as Promising Delivery Systems: Physicochemical Property Characterization and Recent Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Development of a Carvedilol-Loaded Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying System with Increased Solubility and Bioavailability Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advancements in nose-to-brain drug targeting for Alzheimer's disease: a review of nanocarriers and clinical insights.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a promising route for brain drug delivery. However, it can be difficult to formulate drugs that have low water solubility into high strength intranasal solutions. Hence, the purpose of this work was to review the strategies that have been used to increase drug strength in intranasal liquid formulations. Three main groups of strategies are: the use of solubilizers (change in pH, complexation and the use cosolvents/surfactants); incorporation of the drugs into a carrier nanosystem; modifications of the molecules themselves (use of salts or hydrophilic prodrugs). The use of high amounts of cosolvents and/or surfactants and pH decrease below 4 usually lead to local adverse effects, such as nasal and upper respiratory tract irritation. Cyclodextrins and (many) different carrier nanosystems, on the other hand, could be safer for intranasal administration at reasonably high concentrations, depending on selected excipients and their dose. While added attributes such as enhanced permeation, sustained delivery, or increased direct brain transport could be achieved, a great effort of optimization will be required. On the other hand, hydrophilic prodrugs, whether co-administered with a converting enzyme or not, can be used at very high concentrations, and have resulted in a fast prodrug to parent drug conversion and led to high brain drug levels. Nevertheless, the choice of which strategy to use will always depend on the characteristics of the drug and must be a case-by-case approach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.