ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2022
Culture, Ethnicity, and Level of Education in Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in the Prevalence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease Among the Elderly Chinese Population: A Systematic Review.Revista de neurologia · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the clinical evidence of TCM in Alzheimer's disease: an evidence map perspective.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of cognitive screening tools validated for older adults in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review: fluid biomarkers and machine learning methods to improve the diagnosis from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Pooled it
- A qualitative exploration of 40 Hz sound and music for older adults with mild cognitive impairment.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Trial
- Plasma Concentrations of Amyloid-β Peptides, BACE-1, and Tau Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Predictors of extreme future time perspective change in persons who learn an Alzheimer's disease biomarker test result.Aging & mental health · 2026Article
- Cognitive factor structure of the NACC UDS-3 neuropsychological battery across ethno-racial, linguistic, and cognitive status groups.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Anti-Alzheimer's (1Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subjective and objective olfactory dysfunction and its screening value in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Associations of cognitive activity and access to resources with cognitive decline in a broad representation of older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Reconstructing cerebral lymphatic clearance: an emerging target in the Alzheimer's disease therapeutic pipeline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Epidemiologic and clinical features of Alzheimer's disease: a hospital study based on the memory clinic in Abidjan, Côte D'ivoire, Sub-Saharan Africa.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Association of neurodevelopmental conditions with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and Parkinson's disease.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The relationships between ethnoracial identity, Aβ positivity, APOEε4, and medial temporal lobe tau PET.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- A quasi-experimental study comparing a VR, computer-based, and face-to-face Alzheimer's embodiment education scenario, "Beatriz".The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve and effects of air pollution mixture on cognitive function in dementia-free adults.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Memory training through Chinese classics recitation for individuals with subjective cognitive decline: study protocol for a pilot study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Biomedical research in Alzheimer's disease in a Latin American developing country: challenges in the informed consent process.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Neurocognitive Disorders in the Elderly Quechua Population Using the Q-RUDAS.Brain sciences · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, where the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau lead to neurodegeneration as well as loss of cognitive, behavioral, and functional abilities. The present review analyzes AD from a cross-cultural neuropsychological perspective, looking at differences in culture-associated variables, neuropsychological test performance and biomarkers across ethnic and racial groups. Studies have found significant effects of culture, preferred language, country of origin, race, and ethnicity on cognitive test performance, although the definition of those grouping terms varies across studies. Together, with the substantial underrepresentation of minority groups in research, the inconsistent classification might conduce to an inaccuratte diagnosis that often results from biases in testing procedures that favor the group to which test developers belong. These biases persist even after adjusting for variables related to disadvantageous societal conditions, such as low level of education, unfavorable socioeconomic status, health care access, or psychological stressors. All too frequently, educational level is confounded with culture. Minorities often have lower educational attainment and lower quality of education, causing differences in test results that are then attributed to culture. Higher levels of education are also associated with increased cognitive reserve, a protective factor against cognitive decline in the presence of neurodegeneration. Biomarker research suggests there might be significant differences in specific biomarker profiles for each ethnicity/race in need of accurate cultural definitions to adequately predict risk and disease progression across ethnic/racial groups. Overall, this review highlights the need for diversity in all domains of AD research that lack inclusion and the collection of relevant information from these groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.