ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2023
Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, parental education, and executive system activation in youth.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A research agenda for understanding how social inequality is linked to brain structure and function.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Adolescence: The Pediatric Heart Network's Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial.Circulation · 2025Trial
- The mediating role of brain structural-functional connectivity coupling in linking paternal education to BMI and depressive scores in young adults.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- White matter reflects the childhood exposome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and subtypes of functional connectivity development in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part I: rationale, shared risk factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Neurocognitive correlates of spatial thinking mediate the relation between socioeconomic status and STEM achievement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human thalamocortical structural connectivity develops in line with a hierarchical axis of cortical plasticity.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Distinct cognitive trajectories in the early course of psychosis are associated with clinical and functional outcomes longitudinally.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Callous-unemotional traits, cognitive functioning, and externalizing problems in a propensity-matched sample from the ABCD study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Exploring the n-back task: insights, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Do executive functions and processing speed mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and educational achievement? Analysis of an observational birth cohort study.BMC psychology · 2024Observational
- How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour-a review of current status and future perspectives.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status and neural function supporting working memory: a longitudinal fMRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Executive functioning challenges of adolescents born extremely and very preterm.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour - a review of current status and future perspectives.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status Influences Motor Performance and Inhibitory Control in Kindergarten Children-Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kitafit Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Executive Network Activation Moderates the Association between Neighborhood Threats and Externalizing Behavior in Youth.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Pandemic-Related Worries During Pregnancy on Child Development at 12 Months.Research square · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact cognitive performance, including working memory (WM). As executive systems that support WM undergo functional neurodevelopment during adolescence, environmental stressors at both individual and community levels may influence cognitive outcomes. Here, we sought to examine how SES at the neighborhood and family level impacts task-related activation of the executive system during adolescence and determine whether this effect mediates the relationship between SES and WM performance. To address these questions, we studied 1,150 youths (age 8-23) that completed a fractal n-back WM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We found that both higher neighborhood SES and parental education were associated with greater activation of the executive system to WM load, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and precuneus. The association of neighborhood SES remained significant when controlling for task performance, or related factors like exposure to traumatic events. Furthermore, high-dimensional multivariate mediation analysis identified distinct patterns of brain activity within the executive system that significantly mediated the relationship between measures of SES and task performance. These findings underscore the importance of multilevel environmental factors in shaping executive system function and WM in youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.