Evidence mapPaperPMID 35357692Full record

Observational studyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2022

Sliding scale insulin use in a national cohort study of nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes.

Kenneth Lam, Siqi Gan, Brian Nguyen, Bocheng Jing, Sei J Lee

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Sliding Scale Insulin Use in Nursing Homes Before and After Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kenneth LamDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8148-2421
Siqi GanDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Brian NguyenGeriatrics, Palliative and Extended Care Service Line, San Francisco VA (Veterans Affairs) Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
Bocheng JingDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sei J LeeDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USSan Francisco VA Health Care System · US

Funding

Improving Care for Nursing Home residents with Diabetes and Cognitive ImpairmentK24AG066998 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · 2021 to 2025
$545k
HSRD VA I01 HX002135NIA NIH HHS K24 AG066998
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGuidelines discourage sliding scale insulin (SSI) use after the first week of a nursing home (NH) admission. We sought to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify factors associated with stopping SSI or transitioning to another short-acting insulin regimen.

methodsIn an observational study from October 1, 2013, to June 30, 2017 of non-hospice Veterans Affairs NH residents with type 2 diabetes and an NH admission over 1 week, we compared the weekly prevalence of SSI versus two other short-acting insulin regimens - fixed dose insulin (FDI) or correction dose insulin (CDI, defined as variable SSI given alongside fixed doses of insulin) - from week 2 to week 12 of admission. Among those on SSI in week 2, we examined factors associated with stopping SSI or transitioning to other regimens by week 5. Factors included demographics (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity), frailty-related factors (e.g., comorbidities, cognitive impairment, functional impairment), and diabetes-related factors (e.g., HbA1c, long-acting insulin use, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia).

resultsIn week 2, 21% of our cohort was on SSI, 8% was on FDI, and 7% was on CDI. SSI was the most common regimen in frail subgroups (e.g., 18% of our cohort with moderate-severe cognitive impairment was on SSI vs 5% on FDI and 4% on CDI). SSI prevalence decreased steadily from 21% to 16% at week 12 (p for linear trend <0.001), mostly through stopping SSI. Diabetes-related factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) were more strongly associated with continuing SSI or transitioning to a non-SSI short-acting insulin regimen than frailty-related factors.

conclusionsSSI is the most common method of administering short-acting insulin in NH residents. More research needs to be done to explore why sliding scale use persists weeks after NH admission and explore how we can replace this practice with safer, more effective, and less burdensome regimens.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FrailtyHyperglycemiaCohort StudiesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin, Short-ActingNursing HomesHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin, Short-Actingdiabetesfrailtynursing homesliding scale insulin

Identifiers

PMID35357692
PMCPMC9283241
OpenAlexW4220772575

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.