ReviewInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2022
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.
Erratum issued 3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReviewConsensus Statement
In one paragraph
Review in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia: Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Modified Olfactory Training for Patients With Olfactory Disfunction:A Randomized Clinical Trial
Slow-SPEED-United Kingdom: A Double-Blind Randomised Feasibility Trial of a Remote Gamified Physical Activity Programme in Adults With Hyposmia.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction: a ten-year bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Development and Validation of the Smell-Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Pooled it
- Olfaction and declarative memory in aging: a meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2023Pooled it
- Use of platelet-rich plasma for COVID-19-related olfactory loss: a randomized controlled trial.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Trial
- Persistent Smell and Taste Disorders in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Cross-National Study of Prevalence and Quality of Life in the UK and the USA.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Determinants of olfactory cleft targeting in intranasal aerosol delivery: a combined computational and experimental study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Nasal Mucosal Heavy Metal Accumulation, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Histopathological Changes: A Prospective Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Olfactory Bulb Volume and Function Recovery in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Observational
- Self-Reported Smell and Taste Disorders in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Use of Machine Learning and 71-Plex Immune Mediator Analysis to Identify Nasal Mucus Biomarkers Associated With Olfactory Loss in Patients with CRSwNP.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2026Article
- Dysfunction in Olfactory Identification and Physical Function Decline in Older Adults.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Effect of pollution on the prevalence of obesity, diabetic complications and olfactory dysfunction in diabetic patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- The predictive role of olfactory identification on episodic memory and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the CIMA-Q cohort.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Utility of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements in Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2026Article
- Importance of Smell Loss to Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: Options for Management and Recovery.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Review
- The Effectiveness of Functional Septorhinoplasty in Improving COVID-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction.Facial plastic surgery : FPS · 2026Article
- Global research trends and hotspot evolution of olfactory dysfunction from 2014 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Article
- Electrical Stimulation of Trigeminal Nerve at the Anterior Nasal Septum in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Olfactory Dysfunction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
53 authors.
Zara M PatelOtolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2072-982X
Eric H HolbrookOtolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7632-2204
Justin H TurnerOtolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5501-9900
Nithin D AdappaOtolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mark W AlbersNeurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7855-3455
Aytug AltundagOtolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0003-0794-5050
Simone AppenzellerRheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Richard M CostanzoPhysiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6839-3520
Ilona CroyPsychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0361-5559
Greg E DavisOtolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5373-5559
Puya Dehgani-MobarakiAssociazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8339-1868
Richard L DotySmell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8378-2623
Valerie B DuffyAllied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4226-064X
Bradley J GoldsteinOtolaryngology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9612-1696
David A GudisOtolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1938-9349
Antje HaehnerSmell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1311-8000
Thomas S HigginsOtolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-6386
Claire HopkinsOtolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3993-1569
Caroline HuartOtorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9763-1981
Thomas HummelSmell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9713-0183
Kawinyarat JitaroonOtolaryngology, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Robert C KernOtolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8995-9175
Ashoke R KhanwalkarOtolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9960-7758
Masayoshi KobayashiOtorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5830-1509
Kenji KondoOtolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0496-5067
Andrew P LaneOtolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6369-5469
Matt LechnerOtolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK.
Donald A LeopoldOtolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Joshua M LevyOtolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5907-3421
Michael J MarmuraNeurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6421-6594
Lisha MclellandOtolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Takaki MiwaOtolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Paul J MobergPsychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Christian A MuellerOtolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Sagar U NigwekarDivision of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Erin K O'BrienOtolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4891-9548
Teodor G PaunescuDivision of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0227-9028
Robert PellegrinoMonell Smell Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7436-8826
Carl PhilpottOtolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1125-3236
Jayant M PintoOtolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Evan R ReiterOtolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
David R RoalfPsychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1728-9782
Nicholas R RowanOtolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1296-2648
Rodney J SchlosserOtolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6480-0275
James SchwobBiomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8902-5260
Allen M SeidenOtolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Timothy L SmithOtolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6424-7083
Zachary M SolerOtolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.
Leigh SowerbyOtolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5825-2759
Bruce K TanOtolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Andrew ThambooOtolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Bozena WrobelOtolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Carol H YanOtolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1934-4922
Funding
Ultra-high field GluCEST MRI and MRS in youth at risk for psychosisR01MH120174 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ROALF, DAVID R · 2020 to 2024
$3.8MOlfactory and facial markers of developmental risk for psychosis in 22q11 deletion syndromeR01MH119185 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ROALF, DAVID R · 2019 to 2024
$3.5MLongitudinal At Home Smell Testing to Detect Infection by SARS-CoV-2U01DC019579 · NIDCD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ALBERS, MARK W · 2021 to 2022
$1.3MDigital Accessible Remote Olfactory Mediated Health Assessments for Preclinical ADR41AG062130 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ALBERS, MARK W · 2018 to 2018
$372kNIA NIH HHS R41 AG062130NIDCD NIH HHS U01 DC019579NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119185NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120174
Abstract
backgroundThe literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O).
methodsUsing previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus.
resultsThe ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies.
conclusionThis critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
Indexed as
HypersensitivitySmellCost of IllnessHumansanosmiaevidence-based medicinehyposmialoss of smellolfactionolfactory dysfunctionolfactory lossparosmiaphantosmiasystematic review
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.