Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35384238›Full record

SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2022

Systematic review of the effect of policies to restrict the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to which children are exposed.

Emma Boyland, Lauren McGale, Michelle Maden, Juliet Hounsome, Angela Boland, Andrew Jones

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Impact of food, beverage, and alcohol brand marketing on consumptive behaviors and health in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Systematic review of the effect of policies to restrict the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to which children are exposed.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022
    Pooled it
  5. Are wePublic health nutrition · 2026
    Trial
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  8. School food environment interventions for health and sustainability.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Emma BoylandDepartment of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8384-4994
Lauren McGaleDepartment of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Michelle MadenLiverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Juliet HounsomeLiverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Angela BolandLiverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Andrew JonesDepartment of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review examined the effectiveness of policies restricting the marketing of foods and/or non-alcoholic beverages to children to inform updated World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Databases were searched to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were primary studies of any design assessing implemented policies to restrict food marketing to children (0-19 years). Critical outcomes were exposure to and power of marketing, dietary intake, choice, preference, and purchasing. Important outcomes were purchase requests, dental caries, body weight, diet-related noncommunicable diseases, product change, and unintended consequences. Forty-four observational studies met inclusion criteria; most were moderate quality. Pooling was conducted using vote counting by direction of effect, and GRADE was used to judge evidence certainty. Evidence suggests food marketing policies may result in reduced purchases of unhealthy foods and in unintended consequences favorable for public health. Desirable or potentially desirable (for public health) effects of policies on food marketing exposure and power were also found. Evidence on diet and product change was very limited. The certainty of evidence was very low for four outcomes (exposure, power, dietary intake, and product change) and low for two (purchasing and unintended consequences). Policies can effectively limit food marketing to children; policymakers should prioritize mandatory approaches aligned with WHO recommendations.

Indexed as

Dental CariesBeveragesChildFoodHumansMarketingPolicychildrenexposurefood marketingpolicy

Identifiers

PMID35384238
PMCPMC9541016

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.