ReviewTuberculosis and respiratory diseases2022
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease.
Review in Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidates potential mechanisms of endothelial cells in lung region-specific repair and remodeling in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Nurse-led pulmonary rehabilitation: a cornerstone for healthy aging in chronic respiratory diseases.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Incremental Burden of Pulmonary Hypertension Among Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease in the Real-World Setting.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Comparing survival outcomes of anti-fibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with and without emphysema: a multi-center real-world study from Taiwan.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Screening of Phytocompounds Against the NF-kB Pathway Genes and Lung Elevated Proteins Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2025Article
- Explicate molecular landscape of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema through explainable artificial intelligence: a comprehensive analysis of ILD and COPD interactions using RNA from whole lung homogenates.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a model for predicting the early occurrence of RF in ICU-admitted AECOPD patients: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Case Study: Analyzing CFTR Mutations and SNPs in Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients with Unclear Symptoms.Case reports in medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the JointMan database.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Quantitative assessment of airway wall thickness in COPD patients with interstitial lung abnormalities.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.