ArticleMicroscopy research and technique2022
Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and toll-like receptor 2 immunoreactive cells in endostyle of urochordate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823).
Article in Microscopy research and technique, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Allies in the Skin Defense System: The Role of Thread Cells in the Evolution of Hagfish (Myxiniformes).Biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the whole colony of Botrylloides diegensis: insights into tissue specialization and blastogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Redefinition of the toll-like receptor repertoire inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Internal Defense System ofToxics · 2023Article
- Coelomocytes of the Oligochaeta earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) as evolutionary key of defense: a morphological study.Zoological letters · 2023Article
- Transcriptional Analysis of the Endostyle Reveals Pharyngeal Organ Functions in Ascidian.Biology · 2023Article
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- Expression of Antimicrobic Peptide Piscidin1 in Gills Mast Cells of Giant MudskipperInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity, effectiveness, safety and psychological impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.Human immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and toll-like receptor 2 immunoreactive cells in endostyle of urochordate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823).Microscopy research and technique · 2022Article
- Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
The endostyle is the first component of the ascidian digestive tract, it is shaped like a through and is located in the pharynx's ventral wall. This organ is divided longitudinally into nine zones that are parallel to each other. Each zone's cells are physically and functionally distinct. Support elements are found in zones 1, 3, and 5, while mucoproteins secreting elements related to the filtering function are found in zones 2, 4, and 6. Zones 7, 8, and 9, which are located in the lateral dorsal section of the endostyle, include cells with high iodine and peroxidase concentrations. Immunohistochemical technique using the following antibodies, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and lectin histochemistry (WGA-wheat-germagglutinin), were used in this investigation to define immune cells in the endostyle of Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823). Our results demonstrate the presence of immune cells in the endostyle of S. plicata, highlighting that innate immune mechanisms are highly conserved in the phylogeny of the chordates. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Immune cells positive to TLR-2 and VIP in the endostyle of Styela plicata. Expression of WGA in several zones of endostyle. Use of comparative biology to improve the knowledge about immunology in ascidians.
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