ArticleDiabetologia2022
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and incident diabetes in midlife women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).
Article in Diabetologia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Genetic Susceptibility and Lipid Metabolism.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in PFAS Exposure and Susceptibility to Diabetes in Chinese Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Metabolism-disrupting compounds and metabolic health during the menopausal transition: a narrative review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Review
- PFAS and cardiovascular risk : The effects of exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on cardiovascular health.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and adult cardiometabolic health: a Canadian Health Measures Survey mixture analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) perturbs skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by a different mechanism than liver.Chemosphere · 2026Article
- Health effects associated with alcohol consumption: a Burden of Proof study.Nature health · 2026Article
- Polyfluoroalkyl substances and altered glucose homeostasis in adolescents following bariatric surgery.Environmental endocrinology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The moderating role of vitamin E in the association between PFAS exposures and diabetes risk: Evidence from the NHANES 2017-2018.Metabolism open · 2025Article
- Prenatal Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Maternal Beta Cell Function at 7 to 9 Years of Follow-Up.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure: cardiometabolic health risk in humans.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in association to later occurrence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic pathway dysregulation in a multiethnic US population.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their associations with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cognitive impairment and dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Outcomes Related to Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of the Literature and Current Recommendations for Clinicians.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Associations of perfluoroalkyl substances with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: NHANES 2017-2018.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Perfluoroalkyl/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Links to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Effects ofEnvironmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes in two population-based cohort studies from Sweden.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Phthalates and Incident Diabetes in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisDiabetogenic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been suggested. However, evidence based on prospective cohort studies is limited. We examined the association between serum PFAS concentrations and incident diabetes in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study (SWAN-MPS).
methodsWe included 1237 diabetes-free women aged 45-56 years at baseline (1999-2000) who were followed up to 2017. At each follow-up visit, women with incident diabetes were identified by the presence of one or more of the following conditions: (1) use of a glucose-lowering medication at any visit; (2) fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/l on two consecutive visits while not on steroids; and (3) any two visits with self-reported diabetes and at least one visit with fasting blood glucose ≥7 mmol/l. Serum concentrations of 11 PFAS were quantified by online solid-phase extraction-HPLC-isotope dilution-tandem MS. Seven PFAS with high detection rates (>96%) (n-perfluorooctanoic acid [n-PFOA], perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA], perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS], n-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [n-PFOS], sum of perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers [Sm-PFOS], 2-[N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido] acetic acid [MeFOSAA] and 2-[N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido] acetic acid) were included in data analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute HRs and 95% CIs. Quantile-based g-computation was used to evaluate the joint effects of PFAS mixtures.
resultsAfter adjustment for race/ethnicity, site, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, physical activity, menopausal status and BMI, the HR (95% CI) comparing the lowest with the highest tertile was 1.67 (1.21, 2.31) for n-PFOA (p CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThis study suggests that PFAS may increase diabetes risk in midlife women. Reduced exposure to these 'forever and everywhere chemicals' may be an important preventative approach to lowering population-wide diabetes risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.