ReviewTaiwan journal of ophthalmology
Thyroid eye disease: From pathogenesis to targeted therapies.
Review in Taiwan journal of ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statins and thyroid eye disease (TED): a systematic review.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Marker-Free, Automated Eyelid Assessment in Thyroid Eye Disease Using Artificial Intelligence: A Multicenter Validation Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- [The use of tocilizumab in severe glucocorticoid-resistant endocrine ophthalmopathy with optic neuropathy in clinical practice].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Quantitative MRI Assessment of Orbital Structures in Radioactive Iodine-131 Therapy for Inactive Graves' Ophthalmopathy.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Nanoperlite Particles Enhance Fibrogenesis in Thyroid Orbital Fibroblasts: A Potential Activated Cell Source for Ocular Tissue Engineering.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Nanoperlite Particles Enhance Fibrogenesis in Thyroid Orbital Fibroblasts: A Potential Activated Cell Source for Ocular Tissue Engineering.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Cytokines and drugs targeting cytokines in Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of thyroid eye disease orbital fibroblasts identifies sorafenib as a novel therapeutic.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Advancing the Therapeutic Frontier in Thyroid Eye Disease.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease: Mechanism, Clinical Efficacy, and Current Challenges.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in the Inflammatory Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of thyroid eye disease based on angiogenesis-related gene analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Role of Lysyl Oxidase-Like Protein 3 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- A Review of Novel Medical Treatments for Thyroid Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Review
- Purine metabolism-related genes and immunization in thyroid eye disease were validated using bioinformatics and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Emerging therapies in the medical management of thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Review article: Diagnosis and management of enlarged extraocular muscles.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease-related Strabismus.Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of autoimmune Graves' hyperthyroidism. TED is a debilitating and potentially blinding disease with unclear pathogenesis. Autoreactive inflammatory reactions targeting orbital fibroblasts (OFs) lead to the expansion of orbital adipose tissues and extraocular muscle swelling within the fixed bony orbit. There are many recent advances in the understating of molecular pathogenesis of TED. The production of autoantibodies to cross-linked thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activates OFs to produce significant cytokines and chemokines and hyaluronan production and to induce adipocyte differentiation. In moderately severe active TED patients, multicenter clinical trials showed that inhibition of IGF-1R with teprotumumab was unprecedentedly effective with minimal side effects. The emergence of novel biologics resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of TED. We here review the literature on advances of pathogenesis of TED and promising therapeutic targets and drugs.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.