ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of air pollution on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review of underlying biological mechanisms.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Exploratory Analysis of Plasma Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin Peptides as Candidate Discriminatory Signals in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Case-Control Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- A model including CD15, ACE2 and age efficiently predicts COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Inhibitory Assessment of ACE2 Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2: AnThe Journal of organic chemistry · 2025Article
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Selected Parameters of the Apelinergic System in Repeat Blood Donors.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Functions of SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Diabetes-Related Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Piecewise Design Approach to Engineering a Miniature ACE2 Mimic to Bind SARS-CoV-2.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease flares in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: result from COVAD e-survey study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Serum AXL is a potential molecular marker for predicting COVID-19 progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Predicting susceptibility to COVID-19 infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis by cross-coupling soluble ACE2 concentration with lymphocyte count: an algorithmic approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Serum ACE2, CTSL, AngII, and TNFα Levels after COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines: The Molecular Basis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Blood ACE2 Protein Level Correlates with COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- ACE2, ACE, DPPIV, PREP and CAT L enzymatic activities in COVID-19: imbalance of ACE2/ACE ratio and potential RAAS dysregulation in severe cases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Article
- Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Molecular Determinants of the Early Life Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Immunization.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Intronic Variants of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Modulate Plasma ACE2 Levels and Possibly Confer Protection against Severe COVID-19.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Diversity of immune responses in children highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. Methods: We analysed serum levels of ACE2, Angiotensin II and anti-Spike antibodies in 2 different cohorts at high risk of viral exposure, highly exposed but uninfected subjects, either high risk health care workers or persons cohabiting with infected close relatives and seropositive patients with symptoms. We tested the ability of the sera of these subjects to neutralize lentivirus pseudotyped with the Spike-protein. Results: We found that the serum levels of ACE2 are significantly higher in highly exposed but uninfected subjects. Moreover, sera from this seronegative persons can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in cellular assays more strongly that sera from non-exposed negative controls eventhough they do not have anti-CoV-2 IgG antibodies suggesting that high levels of ACE2 in serum may somewhat protect against an active infection without generating a conventional antibody response. Finally, we show that among patients with symptoms, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in infected patients who developed cutaneous as compared with respiratory symptoms and ACE2 was also higher in those with milder symptoms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that soluble ACE2 could be used as a potential biomarker to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and to discriminate COVID-19 disease subtypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.