Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Breastfeeding duration modifies the association between maternal weight status and offspring dietary palmitate oxidation.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03281850 (The GLOWING Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The GLOWING Study: Growing Life, Optimizing Wellness 2
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young children with overweight/obesity and insulin resistance.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Offspring sex modifies the association between early-pregnancy adiposity and 2-year-old physical activity-The Glowing Study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Maternal Diet Quality during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Brain White Matter Development.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOffspring of obese rodents develop a metabolic phenotype that favors fat deposition. Data regarding the impact of maternal obesity programing of offspring fuel usage in humans is scarce.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the association between maternal weight status and dietary palmitate oxidation (DPO) in 2-y-old offspring, taking into consideration potential confounders and modifiers.
methodsWomen (n = 56) were enrolled by the first trimester of gestation. Maternal physical activity (PA; measured with accelerometers) at enrollment and gestational weight gain (GWG) were measured. Offspring sex, race, and breastfeeding (BF) duration were self-reported. Human milk (HM) composition was determined at 6 mo postpartum. At age 2 y, dietary quality [healthy eating index (HEI)] and parental feeding practices [Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ)] were assessed. DPO in 2-y-olds (2-yo-DPO) was measured using deuterated palmitic acid. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the associations of 2-yo-DPO with maternal weight status [normal weight (NW), BMI <25 (in kg/m2) compared with excessive weight (EW), BMI ≥25].
resultsDPO was higher in offspring of women with EW compared with NW (2.1 ± 1.2%/h compared with 1.4 ± 0.7%/h, P = 0.03). Maternal weight status interacted with BF duration in association with 2-yo-DPO (log ß: 0.05, P = 0.04). Specifically, 2-yo-DPO was higher in the EW compared with NW group if BF duration was ≥9 mo. HM insulin (log ß: 0.35, P = 0.002) and HM leptin (log ß: 0.81, P = 0.001) concentrations directly associated with 2-yo-DPO. PA (log ß: 0.06, P = 0.013), parental feeding restriction (log ß: 0.05, P < 0.0001), and male sex (log ß: 0.54, P < 0.001) were positively associated with 2-yo-DPO. HEI was negatively associated with 2-yo-DPO (log ß:-0.03, P < 0.0001).
conclusionsHigher 2-yo-DPO in offspring of women with EW compared with NW were driven by BF duration. Higher HM insulin and leptin concentrations in women with EW may explain these finding. More studies are needed to confirm these results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03281850.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.