ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2022
Black and White Adults With CKD Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health inequalities and outcomes following acute kidney injury: a systematic review & meta-analyses of observational studies.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of social determinants of health on acute kidney injury.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Optimizing Proteinuria Evaluation and Management after Acute Kidney Injury: Insights from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in heart failure and acute kidney injury-related mortality in the U.S.: a 21-year retrospective analysis of the CDC WONDER database.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Racial differences in outcomes among patients with septic shock: A national cohort study.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19-associated septic shock.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological risk factors for acute kidney injury outcomes in hospitalized adult patients: a multicenter cohort study.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Outcome Comparison in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With and Without AKI.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- The Effects of Race on Acute Kidney Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Demographic and regional disparities in acute kidney injury-related heart failure mortality among American adults from 1999 to 2023: A retrospective cohort study using the CDC WONDER database.JRSM cardiovascular diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveFew studies have investigated racial disparities in acute kidney injury (AKI), in contrast to the extensive literature on racial differences in the risk of kidney failure. We sought to study potential differences in risk in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). STUDY
designProspective cohort study. SETTING &
participantsWe studied 2,720 self-identified Black or White participants with CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study from July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. EXPOSURE: Self-reported race (Black vs White). OUTCOME: Hospitalized AKI (≥50% increase from nadir to peak serum creatinine). ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Cox regression models adjusting for demographics (age and sex), prehospitalization clinical risk factors (diabetes, blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, receipt of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers), and socioeconomic status (insurance status and education level). In a subset of participants with genotype data, we adjusted for apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) high-risk status and sickle cell trait.
resultsBlack participants (n = 1,266) were younger but had a higher burden of prehospitalization clinical risk factors. The incidence rate of first AKI hospitalization among Black participants was 6.3 (95% CI, 5.5-7.2) per 100 person-years versus 5.3 (95% CI, 4.6-6.1) per 100 person-years among White participants. In an unadjusted Cox regression model, Black participants were at a modestly increased risk of incident AKI (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01-1.48]) compared with White participants. However, this risk was attenuated and no longer significant after adjusting for prehospitalization clinical risk factors (adjusted HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83-1.25]). There were only 11 AKI hospitalizations among individuals with high-risk APOL1 risk status and 14 AKI hospitalizations among individuals with sickle cell trait. LIMITATIONS: Participants were limited to research volunteers and potentially not fully representative of all CKD patients.
conclusionsIn this multicenter prospective cohort of CKD patients, racial disparities in AKI incidence were modest and were explained by differences in prehospitalization clinical risk factors.
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