ReviewNature protocols2022
Subretinal injection in mice to study retinal physiology and disease.
Review in Nature protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective Agents for Photoreceptor Rescue Following Experimental Retinal Detachment in Rodents: A Systematic Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Pooled it
- Subretinal rAAV2-based VEGF-Trap gene therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Preclinical assessment and phase 1 trial results.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- A soft micron accuracy robot design and clinical validation for retinal surgery.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- High-Resolution Imaging and Interpretation of Three-Dimensional RPE Sheet Structure.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Optimized Minimally Invasive Transscleral Subretinal Injection Technique in Mouse.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- A non-surgical method for subretinal delivery by trans-scleral microneedle injection.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- TMEM97 governs partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells via the CTNND2-ADAM10 axis.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Advances in technical methods and applications of subretinal injections in experimental animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Inflammasome activation aggravates choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- Kamuvudine-9 Protects Retinal Structure and Function in a Novel Model of Experimental Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- The Learning Curve of Murine Subretinal Injection Among Clinically Trained Ophthalmic Surgeons.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Subretinal injection (SRI) is a widely used technique in retinal research and can be used to deliver nucleic acids, small molecules, macromolecules, viruses, cells or biomaterials such as nanobeads. Here we describe how to undertake SRI of mice. This protocol was adapted from a technique initially described for larger animals. Although SRI is a common procedure in eye research laboratories, there is no published guidance on the best practices for determining what constitutes a 'successful' SRI. Optimal injections are required for reproducibility of the procedure and, when carried out suboptimally, can lead to erroneous conclusions. To address this issue, we propose a standardized protocol for SRI with 'procedure success' defined by follow-up examination of the retina and the retinal pigmented epithelium rather than solely via intraoperative endpoints. This protocol takes 7-14 d to complete, depending on the reagent delivered. We have found, by instituting a standardized training program, that trained ophthalmologists achieve reliable proficiency in this technique after ~350 practice injections. This technique can be used to gain insights into retinal physiology and disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy of experimental compounds in the retina or retinal pigmented epithelium.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.