Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35439166›Full record

ArticleJCI insight2022

T cell receptor sequencing identifies prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates with neutralizing antibodies and disease severity.

Rebecca Elyanow, Thomas M Snyder, Sudeb C Dalai, Rachel M Gittelman, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anna Wald, Stacy Selke, Mark H Wener, Chihiro Morishima, Alexander L Greninger and 12 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04338360 (Expanded Access to Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04338360 approved for marketingnot on this map

Expanded Access to Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19

Typeexpanded_accessSponsorMayo ClinicConditionsCOVID19ArmsCOVID-19 convalescent plasma
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Machine learning in AIRR diagnostics: Advances and applications.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Article
  9. Challenges and future directions of AIRR-seq-based diagnostics.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Article
  10. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Rebecca ElyanowAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Thomas M SnyderAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Sudeb C DalaiAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Rachel M GittelmanAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jim BoonyaratanakornkitDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Anna WaldDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Stacy SelkeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.
Mark H WenerDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Chihiro MorishimaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.
Alexander L GreningerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.
Michael GaleDepartment of Immunology.
Tien-Ying HsiangDepartment of Immunology.
Lichen JingDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Michael R HolbrookNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Ian M KaplanAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
H Jabran ZahidMicrosoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA.
Damon H MayAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jonathan M CarlsonMicrosoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA.
Lance BaldoAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Thomas ManleyAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Harlan S RobinsAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
David M KoelleDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Funding

WORK ORDER 126643 B539 EXPAND IC SUITE75N91019D00024 · NIAID · LEIDOS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC. · PI BRISCOE, LYNN · 2019 to 2025
$3932.6M
University of Washington Arboviral Research Network (UWARN)U01AI151698 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GALE, MICHAEL, RABINOWITZ, PETER MACGARR · 2020 to 2024
$11.4M
Large Scale T Cell Epitope Discovery: Local and Systemic T cell Response to Herpes Simplex Virus75N93019C00063 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MYER, TIM · 2019 to 2023
$5.5M
Innate Immune Control of West Nile VirusR01AI104002 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, GALE, MICHAEL · 2013 to 2017
$3.7M
The Host Response to Hepatitis C VirusR01AI118916 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GALE, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2020
$2.5M
Host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2R21AI158788 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GALE, MICHAEL · 2021 to 2022
$485k
NCI NIH HHS 75N91019D00024NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00063NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201800013CNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104002NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI118916NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI158788NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMeasuring the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 enables assessment of past infection and protective immunity. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces humoral and T cell responses, but these responses vary with disease severity and individual characteristics.METHODSA T cell receptor (TCR) immunosequencing assay was conducted using small-volume blood samples from 302 individuals recovered from COVID-19. Correlations between the magnitude of the T cell response and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers or indicators of disease severity were evaluated. Sensitivity of T cell testing was assessed and compared with serologic testing.RESULTSSARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were significantly correlated with nAb titers and clinical indicators of disease severity, including hospitalization, fever, and difficulty breathing. Despite modest declines in depth and breadth of T cell responses during convalescence, high sensitivity was observed until at least 6 months after infection, with overall sensitivity ~5% greater than serology tests for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Improved performance of T cell testing was most apparent in recovered, nonhospitalized individuals sampled > 150 days after initial illness, suggesting greater sensitivity than serology at later time points and in individuals with less severe disease. T cell testing identified SARS-CoV-2 infection in 68% (55 of 81) of samples with undetectable nAb titers (<1:40) and in 37% (13 of 35) of samples classified as negative by 3 antibody assays.CONCLUSIONThese results support TCR-based testing as a scalable, reliable measure of past SARS-CoV-2 infection with clinical value beyond serology.TRIAL REGISTRATIONSpecimens were accrued under trial NCT04338360 accessible at clinicaltrials.gov.FUNDINGThis work was funded by Adaptive Biotechnologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIAID, Fred Hutchinson Joel Meyers Endowment, Fast Grants, and American Society for Transplantation and Cell Therapy.

Indexed as

COVID-19Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralHumansReceptors, Antigen, T-CellSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexUnited StatesAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralReceptors, Antigen, T-CellAdaptive immunityCOVID-19DiagnosticsInfectious diseaseT cell receptor

Identifiers

PMID35439166
PMCPMC9220924

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.