Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2022
The effects of empagliflozin, dietary energy restriction, or both on appetite-regulatory gut peptides in individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity: The SEESAW randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT02798744. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Effects on Appetite and Weight Regulation: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial (The SEESAW Study)
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition and potential sarcopenia-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Limited Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Appetite and Body Weight: Evidence From Clinical and Rodent Studies.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Trial
- The effects of empagliflozin, dietary energy restriction, or both on appetite-regulatory gut peptides in individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity: The SEESAW randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on objective physical activity in adults: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Could Ghrelin Expression Regulate Diastolic Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetic Obese Patients?Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Observational
- SGLT-2i-A Useful Tool for Real-Life Metabolic and Body Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors.Frontiers in systems biology · 2025Article
- Changes in daily intake of nutrients and foods including confectionery after the initiation of empagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Obesity and the kidney: mechanistic links and therapeutic advances.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Association of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors with Osteomyelitis and Other Lower Limb Safety Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo assess the impact of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (25 mg once-daily), dietary energy restriction, or both combined, on circulating appetite-regulatory peptides in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 68 adults (aged 30-75 years) with T2D (drug naïve or on metformin monotherapy; HbA1c 6.0%-10.0% [42-86 mmol/mol]) and body mass index of 25 kg/m
resultsThe mean weight loss in each group at 24 weeks was 0.44, 1.91, 2.22 and 5.74 kg, respectively. The change from baseline to 24 weeks in postprandial total PYY was similar between experimental groups and placebo only (mean difference [95% CI]: -8.6 [-28.6 to 11.4], 13.4 [-6.1 to 33.0] and 1.0 [-18.0 to 19.9] pg/ml in placebo-plus diet, empagliflozin-only and empagliflozin-plus-diet groups, respectively [all P ≥ .18]). Similarly, there was no consistent pattern of difference between groups for postprandial total GLP-1, acylated ghrelin and subjective appetite perceptions.
conclusionsIn people with T2D and overweight or obesity, changes in postprandial appetite-regulatory gut peptides may not underpin the less than predicted weight loss observed with empagliflozin therapy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02798744, www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; 2015-001594-40, www.EudraCT.ema.europa.eu; ISRCTN82062639, www.ISRCTN.org.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.