SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2022
Identifying factors contributing to increased susceptibility to COVID-19 risk: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structured tools for assessing quality and risk of bias in Mendelian randomization studies: an updated systematic review.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Challenges in interpreting Mendelian randomization studies with a disease as the exposure: Using COVID-19 liability studies as an exemplar.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Pooled it
- Alcohol Exposure and Disease Associations: A Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis on Weekly Consumption and Problematic Drinking.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Causal relationships of metabolites with allergic diseases: a trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study.Respiratory research · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Cigarette smoking and SARS-CoV-2 infection: multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization analyses in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Introduction to Mendelian randomization.Annals of clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Higher intraindividual variability of body mass index is associated with elevated risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and post-COVID conditions.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- The effect of histo-blood group ABO system transferase (BGAT) on pregnancy related outcomes：A Mendelian randomization study.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies drugs associated with body height.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Drug-target Mendelian randomisation applied to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: opportunities and challenges.eGastroenterology · 2024Review
- Adiposity and mortality among intensive care patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory conditions: a cross-context comparison study in the UK.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of post-COVID-19 multisystem sequelae, hospitalization, and death.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Correlation between Genomic Variants and Worldwide COVID-19 Epidemiology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Associations of Temporal Cardiometabolic Patterns and Incident SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among U.S. Blood Donors With Serologic Evidence of Vaccination.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- IgG persistence showed weak clinical aspects in chronic schistosomiasis patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Standardizing the reporting of Mendelian randomization studies.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo summarize modifiable factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggested by Mendelian randomization studies.
methodsIn this systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE, from inception to 15 November 2021, for Mendelian randomization studies in English. We selected studies that assessed associations of genetically predicted exposures with COVID-19-related outcomes (severity, hospitalization and susceptibility). Risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated based on the consideration of the three main assumptions for instrumental variable analyses.
resultsWe identified 700 studies through systematic search, of which 50 Mendelian randomization studies were included. Included studies have explored a wide range of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle attributes, anthropometrics and biomarkers, predisposition to diseases and druggable targets in COVID-19 risk. Mendelian randomization studies suggested that increases in smoking, obesity and inflammatory factors were associated with higher risk of COVID-19. Predisposition to ischaemic stroke, combined bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, chronic kidney disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was potentially associated with higher COVID-19 risk. Druggable targets, such as higher protein expression of histo-blood group ABO system transferase (ABO), interleukin (IL)-6 and lower protein expression of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) were associated with higher risk of COVID-19. There was no strong genetic evidence supporting the role of vitamin D, glycaemic traits and predisposition to cardiometabolic diseases in COVID-19 risk.
conclusionThis review summarizes modifiable factors for intervention (e.g. smoking, obesity and inflammatory factors) and proteomic signatures (e.g. OAS1 and IL-6) that could help identify drugs for treating COVID-19.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.