ReviewToxins2022
Uremic Toxins and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: What Have We Learned Recently beyond the Past Findings?
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous quantification of total and free protein-bound uremic toxins in serum by LC-MS/MS: method development, validation, and clinical application in hemodialysis patients.BMC chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- The Mediating Effect of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors on Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Compositional Mediation and Life Expectancy Analysis.Journal of physical activity & health · 2026Article
- Enhancing therapeutic strategies and drug development for patients with kidney disease.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2026Review
- Trends and projections of IHD burden attributable to dietary high sodium and kidney dysfunction in G20 countries, 1990-2050.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effects of a structured nutrition education program on dialysis adequacy and clinical outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Synergistic Treatment of Heart and Kidney Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Review
- Association of different serum creatinine trajectories with 28-day mortality in patients with acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease: based on the MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Distinct Gut Microbiome Signatures in Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Populations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Phenylacetylglutamine and Cognitive Impairment in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Furosemide and Serum Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Concentrations in Patients With CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Uncovering the Link Between Kynurenic Acid Pathway and Kidney Failure.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A New Paradigm in Clinical Medicine or Going Back to Basics?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- In the Era of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Cardio-Oncology: From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- From Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic Syndrome: Proposing an Expanded Framework.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Selected Serum Biomarkers in Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenesis to multimodal therapy-current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an elevated prevalence of atheromatous (ATH) and/or non-atheromatous (non-ATH) cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to an array of CKD-related risk factors, such as uremic toxins (UTs). Indeed, UTs have a major role in the emergence of a spectrum of CVDs, which constitute the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease. The European Uremic Toxin Work Group has identified over 100 UTs, more than 25 of which are dietary or gut-derived. Even though relationships between UTs and CVDs have been described in the literature, there are few reviews on the involvement of the most toxic compounds and the corresponding physiopathologic mechanisms. Here, we review the scientific literature on the dietary and gut-derived UTs with the greatest toxicity in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of these toxins' roles in the elevated prevalence of CVDs among CKD patients might facilitate the development of targeted treatments. Hence, we review (i) ATH and non-ATH CVDs and the respective levels of risk in patients with CKD and (ii) the mechanisms that underlie the influence of dietary and gut-derived UTs on CVDs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.