ArticleScience China. Life sciences2022
Functional microglia derived from human pluripotent stem cells empower retinal organ.
Article in Science China. Life sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases: A Systematic Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Pooled it
- Immunoids: Building immunocompetent organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- Microglial polarization in retinal neovascularization: Friend or foe?Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring retinal microglia: development, degeneration, and iPSC-derived model systems.Brain structure & function · 2026Review
- Organoid-microglia system for modeling the immune microenvironment of the brain and retina.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells: advances in differentiation and translational applications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Extracellular Vesicles Induce Microglia Polarization in MERTK-Associated Retinal Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- GD2-CAR-Engineered Microglia Exhibit Antitumor Effects in Organoids and Animal Models of Retinoblastoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Generation of vascularized retinal organoids containing microglia based on a PDMS microwell platform.Science advances · 2025Article
- Microglia determine an immune-challenged environment and facilitate ibuprofen action in human retinal organoids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Integration and functionality of human iPSC-derived microglia in a chimeric mouse retinal model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Retinal Organoid Microenvironment Enhanced Bioactivities of Microglia-Like Cells Derived From HiPSCs.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with aWorld journal of stem cells · 2024Article
- Turning point of organoid transplantation: first-in-human trial of iPSC-derived retinal organoid grafting in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- Toward Retinal Organoids in High-Throughput.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Retinal Organoids: A Next-Generation Platform for High-Throughput Drug Discovery.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Advances in physiological and clinical relevance of hiPSC-derived brain models for precision medicine pipelines.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Emerging Models to Study Human Microglia In vitro.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids in inherited retinal diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia are known to play essential roles in the development, progression and treatment of diverse neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system, including the retina, brain and spinal cord. Recently, brain-induced microglia-like cells (iMGs) have been generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs); however, retinal microglia have yet to be developed in vitro. In this study, by mimicking in vivo microglial development, we established a simplified approach to differentiate hPSCs into high purity (>90%) iMGs. The iMGs express microglia-specific markers, release cytokines upon stimulation, and are capable of phagocytizing bacteria. When co-cultured with three-dimensional human retinal organoids (hROs), iMGs migrated into the hROs, tended to differentiate into resident retinal microglia, and simultaneously induced apoptosis in some neural cells. Notably, the resident iMGs in the hROs formed sparse web-like structures beneath the photoreceptor cell layer, resembling microglia's orientation in human retina. In conclusion, we developed a simplified and efficient method to generate microglia from human pluripotent stem cells, and we report the first derivation of retinaresident microglia in vitro, providing a new source of human retinal microglia for developmental and disease studies and regenerative therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.