ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Transdermal Delivery of Metformin Using Dissolving Microneedles and Iontophoresis Patches for Browning Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin Modulates Ferroptosis-Related and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Programmed Drug-Loaded and Penetration-Delivery Functionalized Microneedle Patch for Synergistic Obesity Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Adipose tissue-targeted drug delivery for treating obesity: current opportunities and challenges.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Cold Exposure Induces Swine Brown Adipocytes to Display an Island-like Distribution with Atypical Characteristics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- An Assessment of the Biodegradation of Microneedles and Methods of Their Implantation for Transdermal Drug Administration.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Iontophoresis and electroporation-assisted microneedles: advancements and therapeutic potentials in transdermal drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Recent advances in iontophoresis-assisted microneedle devices for transdermal biosensing and drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Microneedle-Mediated Treatment of Obesity.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Advances in Microneedle Drug Delivery for Obesity: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Editorial: Emerging horizons of metformin: exploring recent advances and addressing challenges in research and clinical utilization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue: One or Different Targets for Treatment of Obesity and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane with Potential Antiobesogenic Activity.ACS omega · 2024Article
- The effects of alpha-lipoic acid transdermal patch for local subcutaneous fat reduction: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in overweight volunteers.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- Anti-obesity and metabolic benefits of metformin: Comparison of different delivery routes.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2024Article
- Transdermal microneedle patches as a promising drug delivery system for anti-obesogenic molecules.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Treatment of obesity-related diabetes: significance of thermogenic adipose tissue and targetable receptors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem that is strongly associated with increased multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. While current anti-obesity treatments have various issues, locally transforming energy-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) into energy-burning brown-like/beige adipose tissue, the so-called browning of WAT, has been suggested to enhance obesity treatment efficiency with minimized side effects. Metformin is a first-line antidiabetes drug and a potent activator of AMP-activated protein kinase. Emerging evidence has suggested that metformin might enhance energy expenditure via the browning of WAT and hence reduce body weight. Subcutaneous WAT is easier to access and has a stronger browning potential than other WAT depots. In this study, we used dissolvable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microneedles (MN) to deliver metformin to the subcutaneous WAT in obese C57BL/6J mice with the assistance of iontophoresis (INT), and then investigated metformin-induced WAT browning and its subsequent thermogenesis effects. Compared with MN alone or INT alone, MN + INT had better anti-obesity activity, as indicated by decreasing body weight and fat gain, increased energy expenditure, decreased fat pad size, and improved energy metabolism through the browning of WAT. Browning subcutaneous WAT by delivering metformin and other browning agents using this MN + INT approach might combat obesity in an effective, easy, and safe regimen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.