SynthesisEuropean journal of epidemiology2022
Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fermented foods consumption, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of prospective evidence linking non-alcoholic fermented food consumption with lower mortality risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Foods to Prevent Cardiometabolic Disease: Moving from "Saturated Fat" to "Whole Foods".Current developments in nutrition · 2026Review
- Probiotic and Bioactive Compounds in Foods: From Antioxidant Properties to Gut Microbiota Modulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The impact of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic health.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Natural Products to Promote Vascular Health.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025Review
- Application of a Two-Dimensional Mapping-Based Visualization Technique: Nutrient-Value-Based Food Grouping.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease.Nature medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chocolate is a rich dietary source of various bioactive flavonoid compounds. Despite being one of the most popular foods worldwide, the association between chocolate consumption and long-term mortality remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the associations between chocolate consumption and long-term overall and cause-specific mortality, to evaluate dose-response and potential mediators, and to conduct an updated meta-analysis based on prospective cohort studies. We performed a prospective analysis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene cancer prevention (ATBC) Study with a total of 27,111 men who were recruited between 1985 and 1988 and followed through 2015. Exposure data of daily chocolate consumption was obtained from validated baseline food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 30-year absolute risk differences (ARDs) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and cause-specific mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. An updated meta-analysis of cohort studies was also conducted. During 482,807 person-years of follow-up, a total of 22,064 men died. The multivariable analyses showed a statistically significant inverse association between chocolate consumption and risk of overall mortality, with HRs of 0.91, 0.89, 0.89, and 0.88 for the increasing categories 2-5 as compared with those in the lowest category (P
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.