Evidence mapPaperPMID 35467793Full record

ArticleActa ophthalmologica2022

Healthcare expenditure of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors compared with dexamethasone implant for diabetic macular oedema.

Silvia Nw Hertzberg, Morten Carstens Moe, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Beáta Éva Petrovski, Emily Burger, Goran Petrovski

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Nonadherence to anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in patients with diabetic macular edema : The names of the authors.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Silvia Nw HertzbergDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Morten Carstens MoeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Øystein Kalsnes JørstadDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Beáta Éva PetrovskiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Emily Burger *Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Goran Petrovski *Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9252
Oslo University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

Baltic Research Programme of the European Economic Area (EEA)Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially SightedUniversitetet i Oslo Strategic PhD program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this study was to estimate the 1-year costs associated with treating diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients using current intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) biologics compared with the dexamethasone implant.

methodsWe conducted a descriptive cost-evaluation analysis using data from Oslo University Hospital and literature to compare three different intravitreal drugs for DME: bevacizumab, aflibercept and dexamethasone. Stratification of patients into 'Naive' or 'Switch' group was based on treatment history. We estimated the costs from healthcare and 'extended' healthcare perspectives. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of various parameters.

resultsThe average injections per patient per year for the Naive group (bevacizumab), Switch group (aflibercept) and dexamethasone were 9.5, 9.1 and 3.0 respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the 1-year costs for the Naive group were 15% lower (bevacizumab, €3619), and for the Switch group, 23% higher (aflibercept, €5226) compared with dexamethasone (€4252). The 'extended' healthcare perspective showed the cost per patient per year for bevacizumab remained nominally lower in the Naive group, while dexamethasone remained lower for the Switch group (€5116 for dexamethasone, compared to €4987 for bevacizumab and €6537 for aflibercept).

conclusionsFrom a primary healthcare perspective, the dexamethasone as a first-line DME treatment may increase economic costs in settings where bevacizumab is used off-label. Treating resistant DMEwith dexamethasone may reduce the costs and treatment burden compared with switching to aflibercept.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic RetinopathyMacular EdemaAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabDelivery of Health CareDexamethasoneHealth ExpendituresHumansIntravitreal InjectionsRanibizumabReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRecombinant Fusion ProteinsafliberceptAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabDexamethasoneRanibizumabReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRecombinant Fusion ProteinsAvastindiabetic macular edemaEyleahealthcare expenditureintravitreal injectionsOzurdex

Identifiers

PMID35467793
PMCPMC9790387
OpenAlexW4224731123

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.