ReviewInflammopharmacology2022
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in COVID-19: extrapolation of dangerous liaisons.
Review in Inflammopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Alterations in the Placenta Following Vaccination and Infection with SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dahuang-mudanpi decoction mitigates ALI/ARDS pulmonary inflammation via multi-target regulation of HMGB1.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Differential Characteristics and Comparison Between Long-COVID Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Diacerein and myo-inositol alleviate letrozole-induced PCOS via modulation of HMGB1, SIRT1, and NF-kB: A comparative study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pyroptosis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Bioactive Compounds in Human Disease Treatment? A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- TLR2 Activation as a Marker of Severe COVID-19 and a Potential Therapeutic Target.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- HMGB1 derived from lung epithelial cells after cobalt nanoparticle exposure promotes the activation of lung fibroblasts.Nanotoxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Unveiling the hidden link: elevated platelets and T cell subsets in 5% of moderate COVID-19 patients 48 days post-onset.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Identification of the feature genes involved in cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19.PloS one · 2024Article
- The possible role furin and furin inhibitors in endometrial adenocarcinoma: A narrative review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Review
- Receptor-dependent effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in COVID-19: the black side of the moon.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Insights on Covid-19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 as Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Recuperative herbal formula Jing Si maintains vasculature permeability balance, regulates inflammation and assuages concomitants of "Long-Covid".Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional nuclear protein, exists mainly within the nucleus of all mammal eukaryotic cells. It is actively secreted by the necrotic cells as a response to the inflammatory signaling pathway. HMGB1 binds to receptor ligands as RAGE, and TLR and becomes a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a robust capacity to trigger inflammatory response. It is a critical mediator of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation in numerous inflammatory disorders. Release of HMGB1 is associated with different viral infections and strongly participates in the regulation of viral replication cycles. In COVID-19 era, high HMGB1 serum levels were observed in COVID-19 patients and linked with the disease severity, development of cytokine storm (CS), acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2-induced cytolytic effect may encourage release of HMGB1 due to nuclear damage. Besides, HMGB1 activates release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells and up-regulation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, targeting of the HMGB1 pathway by anti-HMGB1 agents, such as heparin, resveratrol and metformin, may decrease COVID-19 severity. HMGB1 signaling pathway has noteworthy role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and linked with development of ALI and ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Different endogenous and exogenous agents may affect release and activation of HMGB1 pathway. Targeting of HMGB1-mediated TLR2/TLR4, RAGE and MAPK signaling, might be a new promising drug candidate against development of ALI and/or ARDS in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.