Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35471841›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of immunology2022

Functional Hallmarks of Healthy Macrophage Responses: Their Regulatory Basis and Disease Relevance.

Katherine M Sheu, Alexander Hoffmann

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed
12.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Review
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  20. The Odyssey of macrophages.Biomedical journal · 2026
    Article

48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Katherine M SheuDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; email: ahoffmann@ucla.edu.
Alexander HoffmannDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; email: ahoffmann@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008042 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI AJIJOLA, OLUJIMI A, DAWSON, DAVID WAYNE · 1985 to 2023
$29.9M
Understanding dynamical coding by NFkBR01GM117134 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOFFMANN, ALEXANDER, WOLLMAN, ROY · 2016 to 2019
$2.4M
The NFkB System in Dendritic CellsR01AI127867 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOFFMANN, ALEXANDER · 2018 to 2022
$2.2M
Coordinated dynamic regulation and function of IRF transcription factorsR01AI132835 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOFFMANN, ALEXANDER · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
NFkB Signaling in MacrophagesR01AI127864 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOFFMANN, ALEXANDER · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127864NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127867NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI132835NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM117134NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of diverse pathologic threats, thereby initiating and coordinating a multipronged immune response. Macrophages are distributed throughout the body-they circulate in the blood, line the mucosal membranes, reside within organs, and survey the connective tissue. Several reviews have summarized their diverse roles in different physiological scenarios and in the initiation or amplification of different pathologies. In this review, we propose that both the effector and the sentinel functions of healthy macrophages rely on three hallmark properties: response specificity, context dependence, and stimulus memory. When these hallmark properties are diminished, the macrophage's biological functions are impaired, which in turn results in increased risk for immune dysregulation, manifested by immune deficiency or autoimmunity. We review the evidence and the molecular mechanisms supporting these functional hallmarks.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateMacrophagesAnimalsHumanschromatinepigenetic memoryinnate immunityinterferonIRFmacrophagesMAPKNF-κBpolarizationsentinel cellsstimulus specificity

Identifiers

PMID35471841
PMCPMC10074967
OpenAlexW4224998947

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.