ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2022
Multinucleated Giant Cells: Current Insights in Phenotype, Biological Activities, and Mechanism of Formation.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The responsive nucleus: morphological signatures of cellular state.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Spatially Constrained Monte Carlo Permutation Test Reveals Diffusion Changes Near Stress Granules.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multinucleated Giant Cells in Human Pancreatic Cancer Are a Distinct Macrophage Population Undergoing a DNA Damage Response and Associated with an Aggressive Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Eosinophil-associated matrix remodeling in a sterile granulomatous inflammation model: a temporal histopathological analysis.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells in Solid Tumors: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Considerations.Cancers · 2026Review
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Biology, Pathophysiology, and Histopathology in the Era of H3F3A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Establishing functional giant Dictyostelium cells reveals front-rear polarity in intracellular signaling.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Emerging non-antibiotic strategies for implant-associated biofilm infections by reprogramming the dysregulated immune microenvironment.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- The influence of cell-cell fusion on cancer heterogeneity and its promise for targeted treatments.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- From uric acid to tophi: multistage molecular and cellular mechanisms of tophi formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization state influences fusion and phenotype of human foreign body giant cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Plasma membrane damage by environmental materials enhances cell-cell fusion and impairs defense functions of macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bilateral giant progressive massive fibrosis mimicking lung cancer in a rubber factory worker: A rare presentation.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- Bone matrix-mimetic multi-ion doped hydroxyapatite nanorod arrays for enhanced immuno-osteogenesis and prevention of aseptic loosening.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Evaluation of CD3 and CD20 Lymphocytes and Mast Cells in the Microenvironment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, and Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic lung tissue deposition of inhaled polyethylene microplastics may lead to fibrotic lesions.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Diminished osteoprotegerin production by gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients is associated with their reduced ability to suppress osteoclastogenesis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Immunologic Spectrum of Biostimulators and Its Clinical Importance.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Molecular Dynamics of Trogocytosis and Other Contact-Dependent Cell Trafficking Mechanisms in Tumor Pathogenesis.Cancers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A lesser-known attribute of macrophages is their ability to fuse with each other to form multinucleated giant cells. Based on their morphology and functional characteristics, there are in general three types of multinucleated giant cells including osteoclasts, foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells and under physiological conditions they participate in bone remodeling. However, under pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction and bone loss. Foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells appear only under pathological conditions. While foreign body giant cells are found in immune reactions against foreign material, including implants, Langhans giant cells are associated with granulomas in infectious and non-infectious diseases. The functionality and fusion mechanism of osteoclasts are being elucidated, however, our knowledge on the functions of foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells is limited. In this review, we describe and compare the phenotypic aspects, biological and functional activities of the three types of multinucleated giant cells. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the multinucleation process and highlight key molecules in the different phases of macrophage fusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.