SynthesisNature communications2022
Childhood body size directly increases type 1 diabetes risk based on a lifecourse Mendelian randomization approach.
Synthesis in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity as a Risk Factor for Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals a Complex Genetic Interplay among Atopic Dermatitis, Asthma, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Disentangling the Effect of BMI on Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Cirrhosis With Multivariable Mendelian Randomization.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Moving Beyond the "Lean" Disease Paradigm to Understand Risk, Complications, and Treatment.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Genetic Predictors of Response to Oral Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes Prevention.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- A structural mean modeling Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the lifecourse effect of adiposity: applied and methodological considerations.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Causal Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes in Mendelian Randomization Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Global prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Incidence rate and characteristics of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in a Vietnamese tertiary pediatric center: challenges in early detection.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Immune cell-adipose tissue crosstalk in metabolic diseases with a focus on type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Childhood obesity directly increases age-related macular degeneration risk: the role of physiobiological and immune-metabolic function.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Stable heritability of type 1 diabetes in a Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Investigating the causal effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity on later life mental health outcome: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Thyroid Endocrinology.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Macrophages: friend or foe in diabetes pathogenesis and therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Overweight worsens the metabolic presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Overview of Pediatric Obesity as a Disease.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The rising prevalence of childhood obesity has been postulated as an explanation for the increasing rate of individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we use Mendelian randomization (MR) to provide evidence that childhood body size has an effect on T1D risk (OR = 2.05 per change in body size category, 95% CI = 1.20 to 3.50, P = 0.008), which remains after accounting for body size at birth and during adulthood using multivariable MR (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21 to 4.42, P = 0.013). We validate this direct effect of childhood body size using data from a large-scale T1D meta-analysis based on n = 15,573 cases and n = 158,408 controls (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.12, P = 0.006). We also provide evidence that childhood body size influences risk of asthma, eczema and hypothyroidism, although multivariable MR suggested that these effects are mediated by body size in later life. Our findings support a causal role for higher childhood body size on risk of being diagnosed with T1D, whereas its influence on the other immune-associated diseases is likely explained by a long-term effect of remaining overweight for many years over the lifecourse.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.