ArticleBMC geriatrics2022
Aging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function capture mortality risk: results from two prospective cohort studies.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term cumulative exposure and change patterns of CTI-FI predict the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Exploring the relationship between cognitive function and frailty in middle-aged and older adults Chinese adults: evidence from the CHARLS database.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive and physical functions among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A prospective cohort study.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Article
- Association between the triglyceride glucose-body roundness index and the incidence of cardiovascular disease among Chinese middle and old-aged adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Moderating effect of instrumental activities of daily living on the relationship between loneliness and depression in people with cognitive frailty.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Combined association of gait speed and processing speed on cardiometabolic disease mortality risk in the US older adults: a prospective cohort study from NHANES.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association between frailty and physical-psychological multimorbidity in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a longitudinal study in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Differential effects of size-specific particulate matter on frailty transitions among middle-aged and older adults in China: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2015-2018.International health · 2024Article
- Frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: an eight-year multi-trajectory analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of a New Simple Functional Score in the Older Chinese Population.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function are not fully understood, hampering their utility in research and clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the proportions of vulnerable persons identified by three existing aging metrics that incorporate cognitive and physical function and the associations of the three metrics with mortality.
methodsWe considered three existing aging metrics including the combined presence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty (CI-PF), the frailty index (FI), and the motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR). We operationalized them using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression models or Cox proportional hazards regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the associations of the three metrics with mortality.
resultsIn CHARLS, the proportions of vulnerable persons identified by CI-PF, FI, and MCR were 2.2, 16.6, and 19.6%, respectively. Each metric predicted mortality after adjustment for age and sex, with some variations in the strength of the associations (CI-PF, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 2.87 (1.74-4.74); FI, OR (95% CI) 1.94 (1.50-2.50); MCR, OR (95% CI) 1.27 (1.00-1.62)). CI-PF and FI had additional predictive utility beyond age and sex, as demonstrated by integrated discrimination improvement and continuous net reclassification improvement (all P < 0.001). These results were replicated in NHANES.
conclusionsDespite the inherent differences in the aging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function, they consistently capture mortality risk. The findings support the incorporation of cognitive and physical function for risk stratification in both Chinese and US persons, but call for caution when applying them in specific study settings.
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