ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Comparison of Mortality Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With or Without Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Delayed Hospital Presentation for Myocardial Infarction Among Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- The paradox of SMURF-less outcomes and its implication for diabetes.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2026Article
- Mortality comparison in acute myocardial infarction patients according to presence versus absence of traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction mediates in-hospital adverse outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Poor Mental Health Status as a Risk Factor and Prognosticator in SMuRF-Less Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and No Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Across Varying Body Mass Index: Findings From the CCC-ACS Project.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- Association of SMuRFs with cardiovascular risk factors, disease burden, and pharmacological management in Middle Eastern patients with ASCVD and a family history of premature CVD.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- No standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in acute myocardial infarction: prevalence, pathophysiology, and prognosis.Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Prevalence, predictors, and in-hospital outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction among young adults without traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the United States.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- No Standard Risk Factors Is the Marker for Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Impact of Cancer, Inflammation, and No Standard Risk Factors in Patients With Myocardial Infarction.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Prevalence and outcomes of patients with SMuRF-less acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.Open heart · 2024Article
- Coronary Calcium Is Elevated in Patients with Myocardial Infarction without Standard Modifiable Risk Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mortality and Discharge Outcome in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Study Based on Korean National Hospital Discharge In-Depth Injury Survey Data.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Characteristics, Treatment, and Mortality of Patients Hospitalized for First ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction without Standard Modifiable Risk Factors in China.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes with varying numbers of standard modifiable risk factors: insight from the OSA-ACS study.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics, management, and 5-year survival compared between no standard modifiable risk factor (SMuRFless) and ≥ 1 SMuRF ACS cases: an analysis of 15,051 cases from Pakistan.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Differences in treatment and outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with and without standard modifiable risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Frequency and Outcomes of Patients Presenting with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) without Standard Modifiable Risk Factors: A US Healthcare Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cases have decreased in part due to the advent of targeted therapies for standard modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors (SMuRF). Recent studies have reported that ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients without SMuRF (termed "SMuRF-less") may be increasing in prevalence and have worse outcomes than "SMuRF-positive" patients. As these studies have been limited to STEMI and comprised mainly Caucasian cohorts, we investigated the changes in the prevalence and mortality of both SMuRF-less STEMI and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) patients in a multiethnic Asian population. Methods: We evaluated 23,922 STEMI and 62,631 NSTEMI patients from a national multiethnic registry. Short-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities in SMuRF-less patients were compared to SMuRF-positive patients. Results: The proportions of SMuRF-less STEMI but not of NSTEMI have increased over the years. In hospitals, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and 1-year cardiovascular mortality were significantly higher in SMuRF-less STEMI after adjustment for age, creatinine, and hemoglobin. However, this difference did not remain after adjusting for anterior infarction, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and Killip class. There were no differences in mortality in SMuRF-less NSTEMI. In contrast to Chinese and Malay patients, SMuRF-less patients of South Asian descent had a two-fold higher risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality even after adjusting for features of increased disease severity. Conclusion: SMuRF-less patients had an increased risk of mortality with STEMI, suggesting that there may be unidentified nonstandard risk factors predisposing SMuRF-less patients to a worse prognosis. This group of patients may benefit from more intensive secondary prevention strategies to improve clinical outcomes.
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