SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2022
Retinal layers and associated clinical factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cachexia Index in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroretinal Alterations in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Ophthalmic and psychiatric health: the overlooked connection between ocular diseases and mental disorders.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Retinal cytoarchitectural alterations across the psychosis spectrum and their correlates with cognition: a UK biobank nested case-control study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Electroconvulsive Therapy's Impact on Retinal Structures in First-Episode Psychosis Patients Using Optical Coherence Tomography.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Retinal and choroidal vascular density alterations in patients with schizophrenia: assessment via optical coherence tomography angiography.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Retina in Clinical High-Risk and First-Episode Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- The Retinal Age Gap as a Marker of Accelerated Aging in the Early Course of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Painting psychosis: an empirical investigation of the self-portraits of Edvard Munch.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia through neuroinflammatory pathways associated with retinal thinness.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Can optic nerve morphology in children with autism spectrum disorder be associated with atypical visual-sensory behaviors?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Retinal biomarkers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: evidence and implications for the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- On the improvement of schizophrenia detection with optical coherence tomography data using deep neural networks and aggregation functions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Specific association between retinal neural layer thinning and neurological soft signs in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Eye-brain connections revealed by multimodal retinal and brain imaging genetics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Subclinical structural atypicality of retinal thickness and its association with gray matter volume in the visual cortex of maltreated children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential Study of Retinal Thicknesses in the Eyes of Alzheimer's Patients, Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Subjects.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Retinal Neurodegeneration as a Potential Biomarker of Accelerated Aging in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe retina shares structural and functional similarities with the brain. Furthermore, structural changes in the retina have been observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated retinal abnormalities and their association with clinical factors for SSD.
methodsStudies related to retinal layers in SSD patients were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and PSYNDEX databases from inception to March 31, 2021. We screened and assessed the eligibility of the identified studies. EZR ver.1.54 and the metafor package in R were used for the meta-analysis and a random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to report standardized mean differences (SMDs).
resultsTwenty-three studies (2079 eyes of patients and 1571 eyes of controls) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, average macular thickness (MT), and macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness were significantly lower in patients than in controls (n = 14, 6, and 3, respectively; SMD = -0.33, -0.49, and -0.43, respectively). Patients also had significantly reduced macular volume (MV) compared to controls (n = 7; SMD = -0.53). The optic cup volume (OCV) was significantly larger in patients than in controls (n = 3; SMD = 0.28). The meta-regression analysis indicated an association between several clinical factors, such as duration of illness and the effect size of the pRNFL, macular GCL-IPL, MT, and MV.
conclusionThinning of the pRNFL, macular GCL-IPL, MT, and MV and enlargement of the OCV in SSD were observed. Retinal abnormalities may be applicable as state/trait markers in SSDs. The accumulated evidence was mainly cross-sectional and requires verification by longitudinal studies to characterize the relationship between OCT findings and clinical factors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.