ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
The immunology of multiple sclerosis.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- MicroRNA Expression Profiles as Biomarkers of Response to Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genetic relationships with brain imaging measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in progressive multiple sclerosis-a systematic review.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Single-cell analysis of skin and blood reveals systemic immune responses to ultraviolet B and their impairment in MS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Functional Training Mitigates Reduced Circulating Indole-3-Lactate Levels in Persons With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Trial
- Repeated prefrontal tDCS for improving mental health and cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Trial
- From danger to resolution: targeting purinergic signaling in CNS diseases.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- B-cell targeting strategies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: from non-cellular therapies to CAR-engineered cell therapies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Selective inhibition of TLR2 stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Multiancestry genome-wide association and multiomics analyses elucidate spatiocellular features of multiple sclerosis genetics.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- MIF-MAPMS: Enhancing identification of myelin autoantigenic peptides in multiple sclerosis through multimodal information fusion.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Matrix metalloprotease-9 modulates microglial/macrophage responses in murine brain demyelination.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Article
- 25+ Years of TRPV4: From Discovery to Translational Horizons.Research square · 2026Article
- The presynaptic protein bassoon is a biofluid biomarker of synaptic pathology in multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Fingolimod increases cellular resistance to HIV-1 infection and limits viral reservoir size in peripheral CD4+ T-cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Targeting pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) reduces T cell pathogenicity in multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- T cell-targeted immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives from Traditional Chinese medicine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex neurological disease. Recent studies explore the role of immune cells at different stages of MS and how they interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The findings presented here begin to question the exclusivity of an antigen-specific cause and highlight how seemingly distinct immune cell types can share common functions that drive disease. Innovative techniques further expose new disease-associated immune cell populations and reinforce how environmental context is critical to their phenotype and subsequent role in disease. Importantly, the differentiation of immune cells into a pathogenic state is potentially reversible through therapeutic manipulation. As such, understanding the mechanisms that provide plasticity to causal cell types is likely key to uncoupling these disease processes and may identify novel therapeutic targets that replace the need for cell ablation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35508809What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.