ArticleScientific reports2022
Persistence of C-reactive protein increased levels and high disease activity are predictors of cardiovascular disease in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular risk in axial spondyloarthritis-a systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Obesity, Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation, and Clinical Outcomes in Spondyloarthritis: A Translational Synthesis.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Inflammatory biomarkers in axial spondyloarthritis and the effect of moderate and high-intensity interval training - a narrative review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Clinical and molecular links between chronic systemic inflammation and structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular risk in axial spondyloarthritis: the interplay of inflammation, traditional risk factors, and management strategies.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Comparative Study with Matched Controls in Southwestern Sweden.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Molecular insights into the relationship between sustained CRP elevation and endothelial dysfunction in axial spondyloarthritis.RMD open · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Pain Catastrophizing in Psoriatic Arthritis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Increased Prevalence of Headaches and Migraine in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Insights from an Italian Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Practical Significance of Biomarkers in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Updates on Diagnosis, Disease Activity, and Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An accurate prediction of cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a strong unmet need, as CV risk algorithms poorly perform in these subjects. The aim of this study was to establish whether the persistence of high C-reactive protein (CRP) and high disease activity may be considered predictive factors of CVD in axSpA. 295 patients without personal history of CVD, were consecutively enrolled in this study. To evaluate the relationship between CV events occurrence (fatal and non-fatal) and the persistence of increased CRP levels, ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) > 2.1, and BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity) > 4 during the follow-up, univariable and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Models have been performed. During follow-up (we analyzed 10-years retrospective data), 23 patients had a CV event. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Models showed a strong association between CV event and the persistency of increased CRP levels (namely, percentage of visits in which CRP levels were increased) (HR = 1.03; 95%CI 1.015-1.045; p < 0.001), of ASDAS > 2.1 (HR = 1.014, 95%CI 1.000-1.028, p = 0.047), and of BASDAI > 4 (HR 1.019, 95%CI 1.006-1.033, p = 0.006) during follow-up, after adjustment for age, sex, and diabetes. This study suggests that persistence of increased CRP levels and high disease activity may be considered biomarkers to identify those axSpA patients at higher risk of CVD. Innovative axSpA-specific CV risk score, including these variables, have to be developed.
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