Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35545151›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of infection control2022

Association of masking policies with mask adherence and distancing during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic.

Eric J Puttock, Jose Marquez, Deborah R Young, Abraelle M Shirley, Bing Han, Thomas L McKenzie, Nicole J Smith, Kathleen Manuel, Deanna Hoelscher, Suzanne Spear and 15 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of infection control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Masking Behaviors in the Absence of Local Mandate-An Observational Study from Hillsborough County, Florida.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 18 institutions in 1 country.

Eric J PuttockKaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jose MarquezCalifornia State University, Long Beach, CA USA.
Deborah R YoungKaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Abraelle M ShirleyKaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Bing HanKaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Thomas L McKenzieSan Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nicole J SmithDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA.
Kathleen ManuelMichael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), School of Public Health in Austin, Houston, TX, USA.
Deanna HoelscherMichael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), School of Public Health in Austin, Houston, TX, USA.
Suzanne SpearDepartment of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA.
Monica RuizDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Charlotte SmithEnvironmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
Kimberly KrytusUniversity at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Iveris MartinezCenter for Successful Aging, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Hosung SoDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Marian LevyThe University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA.
Vikki NolanThe University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA.
Erika BagleyMuhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, USA.
Amber MehmoodLead Global Disaster Management, Humanitarian Relief and Homeland Security Concentration, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA.
Joy Goens ThomasDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lily ApedaileUniversity of Montana Health & Medicine, Missoula, MT, USA.
Shelby IsonUniversity of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA.
Daheia J Barr-AndersonSchool of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
John G HellerDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Norman, OK, USA.
Deborah A CohenKaiser Permanente, Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA. Electronic address: Deborah.a.cohen@kp.org.
Kaiser Permanente · USCalifornia State University, Long Beach · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center · USUniversity of Memphis · USCalifornia State University, Fresno · USCalifornia State University, Northridge · USCalifornia State University, San Bernardino · USMercer University Health Sciences Center · USMilken Institute · USMuhlenberg College · USRelief International · USSan Diego State University · USUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Montana · USUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · US

Funding

Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research P30DK092950 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ross C Brownson, Debra Haire-Joshu · 2011 to 2026
$11.7M
Do Innovative Playgrounds Mitigate Health DisparitiesR01HL145145 · NHLBI · RAND CORPORATION · PI COHEN, DEBORAH A · 2019 to 2021
$2.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL145145NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundQuantification of the impact of local masking policies may help guide future policy interventions to reduce SARS-COV-2 disease transmission. This study's objective was to identify factors associated with adherence to masking and social distancing guidelines.

methodsFaculty from 16 U.S. colleges and universities trained 231 students in systematic direct observation. They assessed correct mask use and distancing in public settings in 126 US cities from September 2020 through August 2021.

resultsOf 109,999 individuals observed in 126 US cities, 48% wore masks correctly with highest adherence among females, teens and seniors and lowest among non-Hispanic whites, those in vigorous physical activity, and in larger groups (P < .0001). Having a local mask mandate increased the odds of wearing a mask by nearly 3-fold (OR = 2.99, P = .0003) compared to no recommendation. People observed in non-commercial areas were least likely to wear masks. Correct mask use was greatest in December 2020 and remained high until June 2021 (P < .0001). Masking policy requirements were not associated with distancing. DISCUSSION: The strong association between mask mandates and correct mask use suggests that public policy has a powerful influence on individual behavior.

conclusionsMask mandates should be considered in future pandemics to increase adherence.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAdolescentFemaleHumansMasksPublic PolicySARS-CoV-2Mask mandatesPolicySurveillance

Identifiers

PMID35545151
PMCPMC9080722
OpenAlexW4229370660

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.