SynthesisJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2022
The antidepressant effect and safety of non-intranasal esketamine: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-dependent adverse events of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of intravenous esketamine in alleviating perioperative depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Oral esketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with open-label extension.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Trial
- The Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam Besylate Combined with Esketamine for Outpatient Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Trial
- A crucial cautionary note on frequently incorrect dose equivalence between ketamine and esketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of esketamine versus remimazolam in adult and pediatric surgical patients: a multimodal monitoring evaluation.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- The Ketamine Trial for Acute Suicidality (KETA): Study Protocol of a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Superiority Trial on Intranasal Racemic Ketamine Compared to the Active Placebo Intranasal Midazolam as Treatment for Acute Suicidality.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of esketamine combined with propofol or ciprofol sedation for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with factorial design.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Holding on or letting go? Patient experiences of control, context, and care in oral esketamine treatment for treatment-resistant depression: A qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe introduction of esketamine into the field of psychiatry comes on the heels of excitement from studies on racemic ketamine. While the intranasal route has been the most studied to date, other modes of administration of esketamine may also be of interest in the management of depression.
aimsTo systematically review the literature on non-intranasal esketamine for depression in terms of its antidepressant effect and safety.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to February 2021. Search terms included a combination of Medical Subject Headings and text words indicative of esketamine and depression. We selected both controlled and uncontrolled studies examining non-intranasal esketamine for the treatment of depression.
resultsWe identified four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on intravenous esketamine and 15 open-label studies on intravenous (
conclusionsIntravenous, subcutaneous, and possibly oral esketamine may offer an effective and safe addition to the depression treatment armamentarium. However, as most included studies lacked a control group and had small sample sizes, the quality of our results is limited. Different types and formulations of ketamine remain to be compared directly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.