SynthesisFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Quantifying the Excess Risk of Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Unvaccinated Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Ischaemic Heart Disease or Myocardial Injury: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baseline cohort profile: clinical and molecular characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients recruited into a longitudinal COVID-19 cohort study (COVGEN) in Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Uncontrolled Asthma and Severe COVID-19: A Prospective Bidirectional Risk Analysis.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Assessing the Vulnerability of Splenectomized Patients to Severe COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Trends and predictive research on the global burden of ischemic heart disease from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease in youths and young adults aged 15-39 years in 204 countries/territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Myocardial Injuries in COVID-19: More Questions Than Answers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: More than 80% of individuals in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unvaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In contrast, the greatest burden of cardiovascular disease is seen in LMIC populations. Hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial injury have been variably associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes. A systematic comparison of their impact on specific COVID-19 outcomes is lacking. We quantified the impact of DM, HTN, IHD and myocardial injury on six adverse COVID-19 outcomes: death, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), admission to intensive care (ITUadm), acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease (SCov), in an unvaccinated population. Methodology: We included studies published between 1 Results: We included 110 studies comprising 48,809 COVID-19 patients. Myocardial injury had the strongest association for all six adverse COVID-19 outcomes [death: OR 8.85 95% CI (8.08-9.68), ARDS: 5.70 (4.48-7.24), IMV: 3.42 (2.92-4.01), ITUadm: 4.85 (3.94-6.05), AKI: 10.49 (6.55-16.78), SCov: 5.10 (4.26-6.05)]. HTN and DM were also significantly associated with death, ARDS, ITUadm, AKI and SCov. There was substantial heterogeneity in the results, partly explained by differences in age, gender, geographical region and recruitment period. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury are at substantially greater risk of death, severe disease and other adverse outcomes. Weaker, yet significant associations are present in patients with HTN, DM and IHD. Quantifying these associations is important for risk stratification, resource allocation and urgency in vaccinating these populations. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, registration no: CRD42020201435 and CRD42020201443.
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