Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35564778›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

Changes in Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Paralympic Swimmers: Effects of Training Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Luca Cavaggioni, Alessio Rossi, Massimiliano Tosin, Raffaele Scurati, Giovanni Michielon, Giampietro Alberti, Giampiero Merati, Damiano Formenti, Athos Trecroci

Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Luca CavaggioniObesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy.
Alessio RossiDepartment of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6400-5914
Massimiliano TosinItalian Paralympic Swimming Federation, 00144 Rome, Italy.
Raffaele ScuratiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3247-1977
Giovanni MichielonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Giampietro AlbertiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Giampiero MeratiDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Damiano FormentiDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2941-937X
Athos TrecrociDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6080-5260
University of Milan · ITUniversity of Insubria · ITUniversity of Pisa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dry-land home-training program conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Paralympic swimmers. Previous evidence showed the importance of muscular strength and power training for Paralympic swimmers due to the positive relationship between severity of impairment, swimming technique and biomechanics parameters. Specifically, we aimed to analyze: (i) the effects of a customized training regime conducted pre, during and post restrictions on upper-body muscular strength and power (one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power) compared to a regular gym-based program; (ii) the associations between mean propulsive velocity and load during two upper body exercises in order to estimate the one repetition maximum. Four elite Paralympic swimmers were retrospectively analyzed in upper-body muscular strength, mean propulsive velocity and mean relative propulsive power in bench press and lat pull-down exercises at three time points: T0 (prior the Lockdown period), T1 (immediately after the Lockdown confinement), T2 (sixteen weeks after returning to gym training). Our findings suggest a very likely decrement in one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power during the Lockdown period compared with the T0 period with a subsequent very likely increment in one repetition maximum after returning to gym training (T2) compared with the lockdown period (T0). Conversely, mean relative propulsive power showed an unclear improvement in all athletes in T2 compared with T1. These results were also corroborated by the Friedman’s test followed by the Dunn’s pairwise comparison that mainly showed a decrement from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05). At the same time, it appears that muscle strength and power could be rapidly restored close to the pre-lockdown levels following an adequate training program in the gym, albeit without significance (p > 0.05). Finally, the close relationship between mean propulsive velocity and load in bench press and lat pull-down exercises was also confirmed in para swimming, making a possible estimation of one repetition maximum.

Indexed as

COVID-19Resistance TrainingCommunicable Disease ControlHumansMuscle StrengthPandemicsRetrospective StudiesSwimmingdisabilitydry-land trainingexerciseload-velocity profileParalympic swimmingpowerstrength

Identifiers

PMID35564778
PMCPMC9101705
OpenAlexW4225006245

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.