ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
Activities of Antioxidant and Proteolytic Systems and Biomarkers in the Fat Body and Hemolymph of Young
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of Antioxidant Defense Systems in Honey Bees and Wild Bees Under Environmental Xenobiotic Pressure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ashwagandha Extract as a Promising Source of Immunology Support forAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The Effect of Cannabidiol (CBD) on the Modulation of Proteolytic Activity on the Honey Bee Workers' Cuticle.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Monofloral Pollen Diets on the Development of Hypopharyngeal Glands and Modulation of Enzymatic, Non-Enzymatic, and Ionic Biomarker Activities in Selected Fat Body Segments and Hemolymph ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tris[Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of Panels of Chemical Biomarkers in the Honeybee in Hemolymph and Fat Body in Response to Physiological and Environmental Factors.Metabolites · 2025Review
- The Efficiency of the Krebs Cycle and the Respiratory Chain in Physiologically and Prematurely Aging Bees (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antioxidant Activities in the Hemolymph and Fat Body of Physiologically and Prematurely Aging Bees (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes in the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Fat Body and Hemolymph ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extraction and Optical Analysis of the Extracellular Fluid from the Body Segments ofIntegrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship between pollen monodiets and the activities of proteolytic systems in the fat body and hemolymph of honeybee workers.PloS one · 2025Article
- How does adulteration of wax foundation affect phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities as selected parameters of immunity inJournal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- Article
- CBD Supplementation Has a Positive Effect on the Activity of the Proteolytic System and Biochemical Markers of Honey Bees (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The proteolytic and antioxidant systems are important components of humoral immunity, and these biomarkers indicate the immune status. These compounds are synthesized in the bees' fat body and released into the hemolymph. Their functions maintain the organism's homeostasis and protect it against adverse environmental factors (including pathogens). We determined the activities of acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases and their inhibitors, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the level of total antioxidant potential (TAC). These compounds were investigated in the fat body and hemolymph in the females with increased reproductive potential, i.e., queens and rebels, and in normal (non-reproductive sterile non-rebel) workers. The phenoloxidase (PO) activities were determined in the hemolymph. The normal workers had higher activities of proteases and their inhibitors, SOD and CAT, in the fat body and hemolymph, compared to the queens and rebels. The protease inhibitors were not usually active in the queens. As we predicted, the rebels revealed values between those of the queens and normal workers. The highest activities of proteases and antioxidants were identified in the fat body from the third tergite in comparison with the sternite and the fifth tergite. These results are important for oxidative stress ecology and give a better understanding of the functioning of the fat body and the division of labor in social insects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.