ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2022
Weight gain rate in the second and third trimesters and fetal growth in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of women with gestational diabetes mellitus related weight gain on pregnancy outcomes and its experiences in weight management programs: a mixed-methods systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Gestational weight gain and adverse perinatal outcomes among individuals with gestational diabetes.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Trimester-specific gestational weight gain and adverse outcomes in GDM women: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Optimal gestational weight gain in women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study in China.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Article
- A prospective observational study on maternal diet pre- and post-GDM diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in individuals with/without GDM.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Observational
- The exploration of optimal gestational weight gain after oral glucose tolerance test for Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dose-Response Relationship between Gestational Weight Gain and Neonatal Birthweight in Chinese Women with Excess Weight/Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Weekly Weight Gain in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Birth Weight - China, 2011-2021.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Ethnic Disparities and Obesity Risk Factors in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2023Observational
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundControversial evidence regarding the applicability of the IOM's gestational weight gain (GWG) targets for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been reported. However, little is known about the weight gain rate (WGR) during the second and third trimesters. Moreover, previous studies failed to assess the effect modification of pre-pregnancy BMI because of the limited sample size. Therefore, we aimed to assess the applicability of the IOM recommendation for the WGR in women with GDM in different pre-pregnancy BMI categories.
methodsWe conducted this retrospective cohort study of 5275 women with GDM who delivered at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center (GWCMC) between January 2017 and January 2021. Demographic and clinical information was collected from the electronic medical record system. The primary exposure was the WGR in the late second and third trimesters; they were classified as below, within, and above the IOM standard. The outcomes were fetal growth indicators, including large-for-gestational-age (LGA), macrosomia, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW). The associations between the WGR and such outcomes were assessed using multiple logistic regression.
resultsA WGR below the IOM standard was associated with the decreased odds of LGA (adjusted OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49-1.13) and macrosomia (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.92) for women with GDM in the normal weight BMI class. Such decreases were observed greater for women with GDM in the overweight/obese class, with adjusted ORs of 0.34 (95% CI 0.09-0.88) for LGA and 0.31 (95% CI 0.01-0.84) for macrosomia, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the odds ratios of SGA and LBW across the different WGR groups.
conclusionLGA and macrosomia are the main outcomes associated with the WGR in the late second and third trimesters, and a WGR below the IOM standard was associated with a decreased odds of such outcomes compared with a WGR within the IOM standard in women with GDM in the normal weight and overweight/obese classes. Our findings suggest that a stricter WGR target than that of the current IOM standard may be more beneficial for women with GDM.
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