ReviewIntegrative cancer therapies
Functional Mechanism of Ginsenoside Compound K on Tumor Growth and Metastasis.
Review in Integrative cancer therapies. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress on Anticancer Mechanism of Ginsenoside Regulating Tumor Microenvironment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Targeting Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer: The Emerging Role of Ginsenosides.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- A review of the protection mechanisms of ginsenoside CK on cardiovascular disease and stroke.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Activities of Emerging Rare Ginsenosides F1, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, and Rg2: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Anticancer Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K: A Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular Evidence of the Bio-activities of Traditional Home Medicine Ingredients.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review: Immunometabolic Interactions of Host-Gut Microbiota and Botanical Active Ingredients in Gastrointestinal Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rd reduces cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation.The EPMA journal · 2024Article
- Analysis of gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulating pituitary neuroendocrine tumors through network pharmacology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Anti-colorectal cancer effect of total minor ginsenosides produced by lactobacilli transformation of major ginsenosides by inducing apoptosis and regulating gut microbiota.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Anti-leukemia effects of ginsenoside monomer: A narrative review of pharmacodynamics study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Review
- Compound K Production: Achievements and Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginseng: A Pharmacological Update.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Production of a Novel Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenoside by Yeast Cell Factories.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Production of Minor Ginsenoside CK from Major Ginsenosides by Biotransformation and Its Advances in Targeted Delivery to Tumor Tissues Using Nanoformulations.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Research progress of ginseng in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ginsenosides, as the most important constituents of ginseng, have been extensively investigated in cancer chemoprevention and therapeutics. Among the ginsenosides, Compound K (CK), a rare protopanaxadiol type of ginsenoside, has been most broadly used for cancer treatment due to its high anticancer bioactivity. However, the functional mechanism of CK in cancer is not well known. This review describes the structure, transformation and pharmacological activity of CK and discusses the functional mechanisms of CK and its metabolites, which regulate signaling pathways related to tumor growth and metastasis. CK inhibits tumor growth by inducing tumor apoptosis and tumor cell differentiation, regulates the tumor microenvironment by suppressing tumor angiogenesis-related proteins, and downregulates the roles of immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). There is currently much research on the potential development of CK as a new strategy when administered alone or in combination with other compounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.