ReviewBiomolecules2022
The Synergistic Cooperation between TGF-β and Hypoxia in Cancer and Fibrosis.
Review in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- MicroRNAs in Tumor Endothelial Cells: Regulation, Function and Therapeutic Applications.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Interleukin-1β potentiates transforming growth factor-β-induced fibronectin expression, migration, and invasiveness of mesenchymal-like SK-Hep1 cells via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-SMAD2/3 crosstalk.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of hypoxia inducible factors in liver fibrosis and future therapeutic applications.iLIVER · 2026Review
- The MEG3-miRNA regulatory axis could potentially modulate response to biological therapies in psoriatic arthritis.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- Review
- Tumor microenvironment-mediated hematologic toxicity ofWorld journal of urology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived model capturing hypoxia and extracellular matrix remodelling of immunologically cold high-grade serous tumours.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Deciphering the role of glycolipids as emerging therapeutic targets in EMT-driven cancer progression.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- A highly resolved integrated single-cell atlas of HPV-negative head and neck cancer.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Tumour acidosis remodels the glycocalyx to control lipid scavenging and ferroptosis.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Analysis of the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment of bone metastases and new strategies of nanotechnology intervention.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- An intricate relationship between fibrosis and autoimmune diseases: a specific focus on unraveling its molecular, immunological, and epigenetic drivers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Modulation of an aberrant basal cell program in human alveolar epithelial spheroids and lung slices.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Multiplex gene-editing strategy to engineer allogeneic EGFR-targeting CAR T-cells with improved efficacy against solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ex vivo modelling of human colorectal cancer liver metastasis by normothermic machine perfusion.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Targeting the HIF1A-UCA1-PTBP3 axis: a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Roles of TGF-β in the therapeutic potential of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells for treating osteoarthritis in a Rabbit model.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Liquid biomarkers associate with TGF-β Type I receptor and hypoxia in kidney cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating homeostasis and immune responses in adult animals and humans. Aberrant and overactive TGF-β signaling promotes cancer initiation and fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the invasion and metastatic growth of cancer cells. TGF-β is a key factor that is active during hypoxic conditions in cancer and is thereby capable of contributing to angiogenesis in various types of cancer. Another potent role of TGF-β is suppressing immune responses in cancer patients. The strong tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β and its profibrotic effects make it a focus for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer and fibrosis as well as an attractive drug target in combination with immune regulatory checkpoint inhibitors. TGF-β belongs to a family of cytokines that exert their function through signaling via serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptors to intracellular Smad proteins via the canonical pathway and in combination with co-regulators such as the adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligases TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to promote non-canonical pathways. Finally, the outcome of gene transcription initiated by TGF-β is context-dependent and controlled by signals exerted by other growth factors such as EGF and Wnt. Here, we discuss the synergistic cooperation between TGF-β and hypoxia in development, fibrosis and cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.