ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
RETRACTED: Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 149 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 278 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of Ergothioneine in cognition and age-related neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Apigenin and inflammation in the brain: can apigenin inhibit neuroinflammation in preclinical models?Inflammopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of low-dose esketamine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease.iScience · 2026Article
- Dissecting PANoptosis in the Nervous System: A Unified Cell-Death Mechanism Driving Neuroimmune Activation and Chronic Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Modulation Is a Key Mechanism in Cognitive Deficit: Unveiling Garcinol as a Potent HAT Inhibitor in Improving Alzheimer's Disease.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of sulforaphane in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanistic Insights into Nrf2, NF-κB, TrkB, SIRT1, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signalling pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- RETRACTED: Rauf et al. Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory profiles and cellular localization of TNF-α associated with chronic vanadium neurotoxicity.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Hesperidin Attenuates H₂O₂-Induced Neurotoxicity via Modulation of Inflammatory Pathways and MMP Activity in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Models.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- CD4+T cell metabolic reprogramming as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Candidate Key Proteins in Thalamo-Amygdala Signaling in Tinnitus: A Bioinformatics Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation at the Crossroads of Neurodegeneration: The Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes in Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2026Review
- Article
- Liver Fibrosis and the Risks of Impaired Cognition and Dementia: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Decoding Pathogenic Mutational Landscapes in Alzheimer's Disease Through Integrated Transcriptomics.Human mutation · 2026Article
- C3 lowering in adult APP KI mice rescues synapses and spares cognitive decline.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Article
- Advances and Therapeutic Potential of Anthraquinone Compounds in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-03-11Euphemisms for Plagiarism · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Plagiarism of/in Article · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/204E05DF2A186F022A30802BCE12B4
- Retracted
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.